“攻击性行为”社会认知的实验研究  

EXPERIMENTS CONCERNING THE SOCIAL COGNITION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

作　　者：杨治良[1] 刘素珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理学系

出　　处：《心理科学》1996年第2期75-78,127,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：采用两种不同的方法对人类“攻击性行为”社会认知的某些特点进行探索。结果表明：①再认过程中，被试对被攻击者的辨别率（Ａ＇）明显高于攻击者，Ｂ″也具有明显特征。证明人类的外显记忆更多倾向记忆“灾难现象”。②偏好测试中，被试偏好攻击者明显多于被攻击者。证实了“攻击性行为”社会认知实验性分离的存在。也就是说学习攻击性图片在人类记忆中，产生了“攻击性行为”社会认知的启动效应。同时也证实了内隐与外显记忆之间存在任务分离的加工演变过程。③偏好测试中出现被试对陌生人（中性人物）的偏好率明显高于攻击与被攻击者的总和。我们认为这是间接启动效应，是外显记忆和内隐记忆在选择上发生冲突继而导致倾向一致的结果。The present study was aimed at investigating some features of the social cognition of aggression behavior. The results showed: 1)In the recognition procedure, the subjects discriminition rate (A') to victims of attack was significantly higher than to attackers,so was B″,which indicated that people tended to remember disastrous phenomena more readily in explicit memory. 2) In the preference test, the subjects preferred attackers more frequently than victims of attack. The experimental dissociation in social cognition of aggression behavior was verified to be in existence. That is to say, learning aggerssive pictures resulted in a priming effect on the social cognition of aggression behavior in human memory. It was also testified that between implicit and explicit menmory there existed a processing evolutional procedure of tasks and dissociation. 3) In the preference test,the prefrence rate of strange figures(neutal figures)was much higher than that of the total of attackers and victims of attack. We hold that it was the indirect priming effect, the result of the conflict between explicit and implicit memory,which led to the same tendency.

关 键 词：攻击 外显记忆 内隐记忆 实验性分离 社会认知 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]