黑芥与花椰菜体细胞杂种花粉母细胞的减数分裂不同步及染色体行为异常  

Asynchronous Meiotic and Chromosomal Abnormalities in Pollen Mother Cells of Cauliflower-Black Mustard Somatic Hybrids

作　　者：唐宇[1,2] 吕淑霞[1] 王桂香[2] 赵弘 盛小光[2] 刘凡[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,沈阳11016 [2]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2009年第6期1111-1116,共6页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30771206);北京市自然科学基金(5073045);国家863项目(2006AA100108)共同资助

摘　　要：本研究对黑芥与花椰菜体细胞杂种及其双亲的花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行了观察和比较,结果表明黑芥与花椰菜的花粉母细胞减数分裂同步性很高,而其体细胞杂种表现出明显的减数分裂不同步,各杂种不同株系间减数分裂不同步的程度与跨度各异。减数分裂不同步发生是由于为部分花粉母细胞在减数分裂某一时期发生停滞或推迟,这一时期(或第一个停滞时期)主要发生在第一次减数分裂的前期。花粉母细胞发育虽不同步,但最后均完成减数分裂形成花粉粒,所形成的花粉粒的活性相差甚远。此外,研究结果还显示,体细胞杂种有着较高的减数分裂染色体行为异常频率,尤其是在中期Ⅰ后。主要表现为减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体的早迁、后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ的染色体滞后及染色体不均等分离、四分体时期的异常等现象。花粉粒的活性与减数分裂时期染色体行为异常程度有关,染色体行为异常及微核现象出现的频率越高,相对的花粉粒活力也越低。In this research,we observed and compared the meiotic behavior of pollen mother cell(PMC) between cauliflower-black mustard somatic hybrid and their parentages.The results showed that both parents displayed a highly synchronous meiosis,whereas their somatic hybrids exhibited asynchronous meiosis.Different hybrid strains had distinct degree and span of asynchronous meiosis.Studies revealed that the asynchronous meiosis occurred as a result of the lag or retardation of PMCs in meiotic cell cycle and this lag mainly happened at prophase Ⅰ of the first meiotic division.Despite asynchrony,all PMCs completed meiosis and develop into pollen grains,while the pollen viability among hybrids are quite different.cauliflower-black mustard somatic hybrids had a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities during meiosis,especially after metaphaseⅠ.The chromosomal abnormalities mainly included precocious migration to poles at metaphaseⅠ,laggards and unequational segregation at anaphaseⅠ and anaphaseⅡ,and abnormal tetrads and so on.We found that pollen viability was concerned with the chromosomal abnormalities during meiosis.The higher frequency of chromosome abnormalities,the lower the pollen viability.

关 键 词：减数分裂不同步 花粉母细胞 体细胞杂种 染色体异常 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]