竹质纤维的蒸汽爆破预处理研究  

Study on steam explosion pretreatment of bamboo lignocellulose

作　　者：李定国[1,2] 王树东[3] 吴志庄[3] 詹鹏[1,2] 张林[1,2] 陈介南[1,2] 何钢[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学国家林业局生物乙醇研究中心,浙江杭州100091 [2]中南林业科技大学生物环境科学与技术研究所,湖南长沙410004 [3]国家林业局竹子研究开发中心,浙江杭州100091

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2013年第5期114-119,共6页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(编号201004001);国家948项目(编号2012-4-10);湖南省科学技术厅科技计划重点项目(编号2011WK2001);常德市科学技术局技术研究与开发资金项目(编号2011GK06)

摘　　要：考察了蒸汽爆破法对竹子进行预处理效果的影响。结果表明:爆破原料粉碎至0.5～1.0 cm可得爆破还原糖得率为6.85%,原料含水率为10%时可有效促进半纤维素在蒸汽爆破过程中降解和去除部分木质素,得到还原糖得率最高,为7.95%;随着爆破压力增加和保压时间延长,爆破还原糖得率大体上逐渐提高,而剧烈的爆破条件(压力>3.5 MPa、时间>240 s)下,还原糖得率会有所下降,半纤维素、纤维素、木质素有相应的降解,同时实验证实汽爆压力对爆破效果更为显著,好的处理效果应以高温短时间(180 s)为佳;电镜扫描(SEM)表明竹纤维木质素结构随着压力的增高、保压时间延长其被破坏程度逐渐加深,纤维素结构由致密变得疏松多孔,甚至呈蜂窝状。The effects of steam explosion on bamboo pretreatment were examined.In terms of effectiveness for steam explosion,after the raw materials were ground to 0.5～1.0 cm,the explosion reduced sugar yield was 6.85%.The moisture content of 10% was favorable for the degradation of hemicellulose and partial removal of lignin in the process of steam explosion,thus producing the highest reduced sugar yield of 7.95%.Along with the increases in explosion pressure and duration,the reduced sugar yield substantially and gradually increased,but under severe explosion conditions(pressure > 3.5 MPa,time > 240 s),the reduced sugar yield declined,with corresponding degradation of hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin.The steam explosion pressure was shown to be more significant than duration on explosion effect,therefore high temperature and short time(180s) are preferred for good treatment effect.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) shows that the extent of damage to lignocellulose structure increased gradually with the increases of explosion pressure and duration,the lignocellulose structure changed from dense to loose and porous,and even to honeycomb-like.

关 键 词：竹子 竹质纤维 蒸汽爆破 预处理 电镜扫描 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]