逆温层在上海市空气颗粒物积聚过程中的作用  

Impact of Temperature Inversion Layer on Accumulation Process of Particulate Matters in Shanghai

作　　者：龙时磊[1,2] 曾建荣[1,2] 刘可[1,2] 曹玲玲[1,2] 王广华[1,2] 刘卫[1] 李燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第S1期104-109,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KJCX3.SYW.N3);国家自然科学基金(11079049;11005141);上海市自然科学基金重点项目(10JC1417200)

摘　　要：通过气象数据、能见度数据以及探空数据分析逆温层的存在对上海地区空气颗粒物污染的影响。结果发现在逆温层高度比较低时,逆温层就有着类似锅盖的作用,抑制污染颗粒物的扩散,城市大气中的颗粒物发生积聚增长,导致颗粒物浓度增加,是引发灰霾迅速形成的可能原因。在上海的一次灰霾形成过程中,强度高的逆温现象为颗粒物的迅速积聚提供了理想的环境(24 h前向轨迹图显示灰霾日扩散轨迹被限制在上海市区),导致颗粒物浓度迅速增加,引发灰霾。而这些积聚起来的颗粒物在高相对湿度辅助下会发生吸湿增长,同时高相对湿度还为二次气溶胶的生成提供了水环境,二次气溶胶生成速度也因此增加,空气能见度进一步降低,加剧了城市大气的污染程度。Based on meteorological,visibility and air sounding data,the impact of temperature inversion layer on particulate matter pollution in Shanghai was studied.It was found that while temperature inversion layer was close to the ground it acted as a 'cap' which kept the pollution particulate matters in Shanghai.The lower temperature inversion layer meant less capacity for particulate matters which made its concentration increased and therewith haze occurred.During one haze formation process in Shanghai,low temperature inversion layer provided idea environment for accumulation of particulate matters which lead to concentration increases and caused haze formed.These particulate matters would grow under high relative humidity by moisture-absorbing and high relative humidity would also provide water environment for secondary aerosols formation which brought more particulate matters into Shanghai atmosphere.The high concentration of particulate matters caused visibility impairment and favored haze occurred.

关 键 词：逆温层 颗粒物 相对湿度 灰霾 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]