上海霾与非霾期大气颗粒物水溶性阴离子特征  

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Anions in Atmospheric Particles Between Haze and Normal Days in Shanghai

作　　者：黄娟[1] 程金平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第S2期83-87,102,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21177087);教育部新世纪优秀人才项目资助(NCET-12-0362)

摘　　要：霾污染的实质是颗粒物污染,水溶性离子是颗粒物的主要成分。为了探讨霾与非霾期间大气颗粒物中水溶性阴离子组分特征,采用离子色谱测定大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10中(F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-)4种水溶性阴离子组分。结果发现,上海市PM2.5和PM10在霾期间的平均质量浓度分别为114.0和162.7μg/m3,分别为非霾期间(41.9和65.5μg/m3)的2.72和2.48倍,PM2.5和PM10中水溶性阴离子在霾期间的浓度均值为51.0和60.6μg/m3,分别为非霾期间(18.9和23.5μg/m3)的2.70和2.58倍,从而推断颗粒物的质量浓度和水溶性阴离子在霾期间得到了富集,且PM2.5中水溶性阴离子富集程度更大。霾期间颗粒物中NO3-/SO42-的平均比值高于非霾期间,较高的比值意味着流动源排放的污染物占主导地位,因此在霾期间流动源的排放贡献大于固定源。通过分析霾动态变化过程,结果表明颗粒物的质量浓度、NO3-、SO42-和C1-在霾污染变化过程中发生较大变化,除第五个霾周期受浮尘影响以外,其他霾周期与霾响应期SOR大于NOR,说明SO2较NO2更易转化成二次颗粒物,霾期间SOR的日均变化趋势与相对湿度(RH)呈正相关。Haze was mainly caused by particulate matter pollution, the water-soluble ions were main component of particles.To discuss the characteristics of water-soluble anions in atmospheric particles between haze and normal days in Shanghai,about 4 kinds of water-soluble ions(F-,Cl-,NO3-,SO42-) were determined by using the ion chromatograph(IC) techniques. Results showed that mass concentrations of PM2.5and PM10during haze days were 114.0 and 162.7 μg/m3, 2.72 and 2.48 times than those in normal days, the concentrations of water-soluble anions in PM2.5and PM10during haze days were 51.0 μg/m3and 60.6 μg/m3, 2.70 and 2.58 times than those in normal days. So it was also said that they were highly enriched in haze days, especially the concentrations of water-soluble anions in PM2.5were higher enriched than those in PM10. According the concentration of NO3-to SO42-ratio in haze days was higher than that in normal days, which showed the mobile emission sources(traffic emission) had great roles on the haze of city. The dynamic process of haze pollution showed that the mass concentration of particles, water-soluble anions such as NO3-, SO42-and Cl-had changed significantly. The average values of sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR) was higher than nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) during haze period and haze response Times except the dust effect on fifth Haze Period, the data indicated that SO2more easily generated secondary aerosols through chemical react than NO2, the diurnal variation of SOR had the tendency of positive correlation with relative humidity.

关 键 词：霾/非霾 大气颗粒物 水溶性阴离子 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]