榧树文化初论  

Preliminary exploration of the plant culture of Torreya grandis in China

作　　者：包琰[1] 赵志军[2] 冯广平 闵庆文[4] 袁顺全[5] 陈锦宇 张红[7] 芦净[8] 

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院,北京100027 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710 [3]北京自然博物馆,北京100050 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [5]北京城市系统工程研究中心,北京100089 [6]绍兴市农业局,绍兴312000 [7]北京市科学技术情报研究所,北京100044 [8]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《科学通报》2013年第S1期57-61,共5页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所项目;国家文物指南针计划专项;国家自然科学基金(30370237;31070184);国家基本药物所需中药原料资源调查和检测项目(HBZYZYPC-03)资助

摘　　要：榧树为我国特产,是红豆杉科中少有的可食种类.榧树的开发和使用成为一种独特的文化现象.榧树文化涉及榧树的植物认知、药食功用、园林造景、林果产业、诗文典故等5个方面.榧树早在秦始皇时期,就见诸文献记载,其分类特征至明代已经完全明了,1857最早进行科学描述.榧实入药始于汉代,历代对其药性和功能都有发明.榧实作为干果始于唐代,至宋代培育出品质优良的栽培品种,浙皖地区是新品种的培育和栽培中心.榧树用于园林造景始于西汉,唐代曾经种植到洛阳地区.优良榧树品种的大规模种植始于宋代,品质优良者成为贡果.明清之际,浙皖地区出现规模化种植香榧的现象.榧树入诗始于北宋,苏轼的品题使其声名鹊起,宋人描述、赞美榧实的诗文空前绝后,彼时榧树也成为一种风尚.The conifer Torreya grandis is endemic to China and is a rare esculent species in the family Taxaceae. The plant culture of Torreya includes classification,food and medicine,landscape gardening,forestry,and related literature. The species was originally recorded on bamboo strips during the reign of the first emperor Qin Shi Huang. All the identifying features of the species have been described since the Ming Dynasty. The species was described scientifically in 1857. Torreya seeds have been used in herbal medicine since the Eastern Han Dynasty. More information on the potency of the species has been revealed since then. The use of the esculent torreya nut can be traced back to the middle of the Tang Dynasty. The cultivated variety,Chinese Torreya(T. grandis cv. Merrillii),was successfully cultivated by grafting. The West Zhejiang and South Anhui provinces are regarded as the origin of this variety. The selection of this species for landscape gardening began in the Western Han Dynasty. The conifer has even been planted in the Luoyang region,far from its natural source region in the Tang Dynasty. The use of the species in forestry can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. Its use reached its peak during the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty in the Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. The appreciation of this species was encouraged by Su Shi,which led to Chinese torreya becoming fashionable during the Song Dynasty. Many poems were created about the conifer at this time.

关 键 词：榧树文化 记载 入药 造景 贡果 诗文 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学] S664.5[历史地理—中国史]