“口述史”在民族音乐发展中的历史与逻辑——基于土家族土司音乐研究  

History and Logic of“Oral History”:in the Development of Ethnic Music——Based on Study of Hereditary Chieftain Music of Tujia Nationality

作　　者：熊晓辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学艺术学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第4期87-96,共10页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部2012年人文社会科学规划基金项目"明清时期土家族土司音乐文化研究"(编号:12YJA760075);2011年湖南省民族学优势特色重点学科项目"西南少数民族原生型民间音乐舞蹈研究"(编号:HNYTZ014)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪40年代,"口述史"作为一种科学的方法论在西方悄然兴起。近年来,特别是在民族音乐学研究中,运用了"口述史"理论与方法,使得民族音乐领域中的"口述史"研究获得较大的进步与突破。学者们在重视民族音乐本体研究的同时,开始重视民族音乐"口述史"实存分析研究,取得了十分可观的研究成果。但是,音乐学界对"口述史"方法在具体的运用中还存在许多疑惑与误解,对"口述史"的价值、地位、特征等还认识不足。民族音乐"口述史"研究有着独特的范畴和特点,以土家族土司音乐为例,其"口述史"研究同样有着自身的规律和法则,尤其是对土司时期反映土家族人民俗生活、仪式音乐与典型的土司音乐等实存音乐现象进行的"口述史"研究。人们运用了现代录音、录像技术,记叙了土司到普通民众在民俗、宗教、文化、艺术等诸多领域的生活历程。如今,"口述史"将借土家族音乐更广泛、深刻地记录下土家族社会发展的历史痕迹。As a scientific methodology,oral history started in west in1940s.in recent years,especially in the study of ethnic music,theories and methods of oral history have been used,and this helps the oral history study in the field of ethnic music achieve great progress and breakthroughs.While stressing ontological research of ethnic music,scholars begin to attach importance to existence analysis and research of oral history of ethnic music,and have made remarkable achievement.However,there are still some doubts and misunderstanding in the specific use of these very methods,inadequate understanding of its value,features of oral history study.The oral history study of ethnic music has its unique paradigms and features.Take hereditary chieftain music of Tujia nationality as an example,it also has its own regularities and rules,especially the oral history study of existent music phenomena which reflected the folklore life,ritual music and typical hereditary chieftain music in the time of hereditary chieftain.Using modern recording and shooting techniques,we can record life process of those chieftains and commons in folklore,religion,culture,arts,etc.Nowadays,oral history,through Tujia music,records the historical tracks of social development of Tujia nationality more comprehensively and profoundly.

关 键 词：民族音乐 口述史 土家族 土司 音乐文化 

分 类 号：J607[艺术—音乐]