隐性否定动词的叙实性和极项允准功能  

On the Factivity and NPI-licensing Function of the Implicit Negative Verbs in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：袁毓林[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系 北京 100871 [2] 中国语言学研究中心 北京 100871 [3] 语言能力协同创新中心 江苏 徐州 221009

出　　处：《语言科学》2014年第6期575-586,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(10JJD740008);国家语委“十二五”规划项目(YB125-47)的资助

摘　　要：文章主要讨论隐性否定动词在语义推演和句法共现限制方面的有关特点。首先揭示这种动词的词义结构中所包含的隐性否定及其语义层次;接着考察这些动词在叙实性方面的差别,发现它们推演其宾语所表示的命题的真值的能力很不一样;据此,把它们分别归入叙实词或半叙实词、逆叙实词和非叙实词。然后考察这些动词跟否定极项副词和代词的共现限制,发现断言平面上包含否定意义的动词可以允准极项副词"从来"和/或"根本、压根儿";断言或推论平面上包含否定意义的动词可以允准非疑问用法的疑问代词。最后简介隐性否定动词允准否定极项的跨语言比较研究。This paper discusses the semantic inference ability and co-occurrence restriction of Chinese implicit negative verbs,such as'fangzhi'(prevent),'bimian'(avoid),'cha'(want),'qian'(lack),'jujue'(reject),'fouren'(deny),'xiaoxin'(mind),'houhui'(regret),'zeguai'(blame),'huaiyi'(doubt),etc.It firstly reveals the implicit negation meaning hidden in these verbs and points out the different levels of semantic interpretation,such as assertion,inference,and presupposition,which they apply to.The paper then investigates the factivity of these verbs,and classifies them as factives,semi-factives,counterfactives,and non-factives respectively,according to their different ability on entailing the truth value of the proposition denoted by their objects.And it describes the cooccurrence restriction between these verbs and adverbs and interrogative pronouns as negative polarity item(NPI).It concludes that:(i)the verbs implying assertive negation can license NPI adverb'conglai'(all along)and/or'genben'(ever)and'yagenr'(at all),(ii)the verbs implying assertive or inferential negation can license NPI interrogative pronouns which actually denote a existential meaning.Finally,we briefly introduce a cross-language comparative study on the NPI-licensing function of implicit negative verbs.

关 键 词：隐性否定 语义平面 叙实性 否定极项 跨语言比较研究 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]