长期机械化秸秆全量还田对土壤养分分层的影响  

Effects of Long-term all Straw Return to Field with Machine on the Stratifications of Soil Nutrients

作　　者：姚小萌[1,2] 周正朝[1] 田霄鸿[2] 王淑娟[2] 党珍珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第1期198-202,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然基金青年科学基金项目(41301610);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2014KJXX-52)资助

摘　　要：以渭南市临渭区对农田和果园两种土地利用方式下土壤养分分层现象进行研究,其中农田进行了连续13年的机械化秸秆全量还田。通过采样分析,研究不同土地利用方式和秸秆还田对土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和分层的影响,以期为不同土地利用方式和秸秆还田对土壤养分含量和分层提供科学参考。结果表明,两种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随土壤剖面递增逐渐减小;两种土地利用方式对土壤各养分分层趋势的影响不同,各养分(除速效磷)三个层次间的分层比均是农田大于果园;采用秸秆还田后的农田土壤表层(0~5 cm)养分含量显著高于果园,并且养分在农田的三个层次间的差异比果园大,表明秸秆全量还田能加速土壤养分分层趋势。This study investigated the stratifications of soil nutrient under the two types of land utilization, orchard and cropland cultivated with all straw return to filed with machine for 13 years, in Linwei District, Weinan. Soil organic carbon, active organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were analyzed. This study will provide scientific reference for the stratifications of soil nutrients under different types of land utilization and straw return. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, active organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium decreased with the soil profile depth under the two types of land utilization. The effects of two types of land utilization on the stratifications of soil nutrients were different. The stratification ratios of soil nutrients(except for available phosphorus) in soil profile depth were larger in cropland than that in orchard. After straw was returned to soil, the contents of soil nutrients in the topsoil(0 ~ 5 cm) were significantly higher in cropland than in orchard, and the differences between different depths of soil profile in stratification ratios of soil nutrients were larger in cropland than in orchard. The results suggested the long-term all straw return to field with machine could promote the stratifications of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：土地利用 秸秆机械化还田 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]