干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶肉和茎部细胞超微结构的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Ultrastructure of Mesophyll and Stem Cells in Two Potato Varieties

作　　者：张丽莉[1,2] 王庆祥[1] 石瑛[2] 祁雪[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2015年第1期91-95,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-10)

摘　　要：为了探明干旱胁迫时马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)细胞超微结构的变化规律,以不耐旱品种费乌瑞它和耐旱品种东农308脱毒试管苗为材料,利用含有20%PEG-6000的MS液体培养基进行干旱胁迫处理,研究干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片和茎部细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫严重影响马铃薯试管苗细胞超微结构,受害程度随胁迫时间的延长而加剧,并且东农308损伤程度显著轻于费乌瑞它。在叶肉细胞中,叶绿体对干旱胁迫最为敏感且受损最严重,干旱胁迫后叶绿体膨胀变圆,基粒片层松散、变形、出现孔隙,甚至完全解体;线粒体次之,干旱胁迫后线粒体外形变长、脊减少;细胞核对干旱胁迫最不敏感,干旱胁迫后细胞核皱缩、核仁完好。茎部细胞超微结构受干旱胁迫的伤害程度轻于叶肉细胞超微结构,但茎部细胞核对干旱胁迫的敏感性强于叶绿体和线粒体。In order to find change relationship of potato mesophyll and stem cells ultrastructure under water stress, plantlets in vitro of drought-sensitive variety Favorita and drought-tolerant variety Dongnong 308 were cultured in MS liquid medium. 20%PEG-6000 was added to MS liquid medium as drought stress. The results indicated that drought stress affected ultrastructure of potato plantlets seriously, and harm degree intensified with the extension of time. Dongnong 308 was damaged significantly lighter than Favorita. Chloroplasts of mesophyll were the most sensitive and the most seriously damaged under water stress. Chloroplast morphology turned to swollen and became more round firstly, lamellae became loosed, the interspaces between lamellar structures became larger or occurred with some holes, even completely disintegrated. The membrane of the mitochondria was disrupted, and the cristae were partially degraded. Nuclei were relatively stable. Ultrastructure of mesophyll was more sensitive than that of stem cells to water stress. Nuclei were the most sensitive among organelles of stem cells.

关 键 词：马铃薯 干旱胁迫 超微结构 叶肉 茎部 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]