油田采出液乳化程度的影响因素试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INFLUENCING FACTORS OF EMULSIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF OILFIELD PRODUCED LIQUID

作　　者：翁艺斌 阎光绪[1] 李敏[1] 翟星月 郭绍辉[1] 周卫锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室油气污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石化胜利油田分公司石油化工总厂,山东东营257109

出　　处：《环境工程》2015年第3期45-49,共5页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2012AA063401)

摘　　要：通过模拟油田采出液,考察了油水比、聚合物、表面活性剂及天然固体颗粒物对油田采出液乳化程度的影响。试验表明:随着油水比下降,模拟水样含油量降低,油珠Zeta电位升高,平均粒径变大,水样乳化稳定性减弱;HPAM会吸附于油珠表面从而增强其负电性,降低油珠间的有效碰撞,使油珠的平均粒径较小,导致油水分离较困难;表面活性剂会直接降低水样的表面张力,增强油水亲和性,导致水样含油量增大,同时增强了油珠的负电性,不利于油珠的集结聚并;天然固体颗粒物本身有一定的电负性,降低了油珠的Zeta电位,增加油珠的静电排斥,妨碍油珠的聚并,同时使水样的含油量升高,最终导致乳状液稳定。Effects of oil-water ratio,polymers,surfactants and natural solid particles on wastewater emulsification were studied by simulating oilfield produced liquid. With the decline of oil-water ratio,the oil content of water was reduced,Zeta potential of oil beads was increased and the average particle size became larger,then watery emulsion stability was weakened. HPAM was adsorbed on the surface of oil droplets,which enhanced oil droplets electronegativity and reduced the effective collision probability between oil droplets,so the average particle size of oil droplets became smaller and oil water separation became difficult. The surface tension of water samples was reduced by surfactants and oil-water affinity was enhanced,which resulted in the fact that the oil contents were increased,oil droplets electronegativity was enhanced and oil droplets coalescence became more difficult. For the electronegative of natural solid particles,the Zeta potential of the oil droplet was reduced and electronegativity was enhanced,which against oil droplets coalescence,resulting in increased oil content and more stable emulsion.

关 键 词：采油污水 乳化 破乳 油水分离 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]