玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤无机氮素淋失风险的影响研究  

Effects of Corn-Stalk Biochar on Inorganic Nitrogen Leaching from Soil

作　　者：盖霞普 刘宏斌[1] 翟丽梅[1] 王洪媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第2期310-318,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303095-10);国家自然科学基金(41301311,41203072)

摘　　要：采用室内土柱模拟淋溶方法,研究生物炭对不同土层土壤淋溶液体积以及铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)淋失量的影响。实验所用的生物炭以玉米秸秆(炭化温度500℃)为原料制成,分别按照炭土质量比0(T1)、1%(T2)、2%(T3)和4%(T4)施用于褐潮土中。结果表明:淋溶实验过程中,淋溶初期生物炭对土壤NH+4-N和NO-3-N的固持作用比较明显,且对NH+4-N的固持主要发生在0~10 cm土层,而对NO-3-N的固持主要发生在10~40 cm;生物炭能够有效增加土壤的持水能力,与不添加生物炭处理(T1)相比,T2、T3、T4处理的土柱累积淋溶液体积分别减少了10%、20%、26%,无机氮素淋失量显著降低,分别减少27%、48%、61%;无机氮素淋失量的减少主要来自NO-3-N,相对于不添加生物炭处理,T2、T3、T4处理NO-3-N累积淋失量分别为62.4、44.4、34.5 mg,分别减少了28%、49%、58%。总的来说,土壤中添加玉米秸秆生物炭能够有效降低土壤无机氮素的淋失风险。Biochars have showed to decrease nutrient leaching losses from soils. In this study, a laboratory column study was conducted to examine the effects of biochar applications on leachate volume and leaching of ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)at different depths of soil. Corn-stalk biochar, obtained at 500 ℃, was applied to a Haplic Luvisol soil at rates of 0(T1), 1%(T2), 2%(T3)and 4%(T4)of soil mass. The results showed that biochar influenced NH+4-N and NO-3-N mainly at the initial leaching stage. The retention of NH+4-N largely occurred at 0~10 cm soil depth, whereas most of NO-3-N retained at 10~40 cm. Biochar effectively increased water holding capacity of the soil. As a result, addition of biochar reduced the leachate volume by 10% in T2, 20% in T3 and 26% in T4 compared with the control(T1). Inorganic N leaching was reduced by 27%, 48%, and 61% in T2, T3, and T4 treatments, respectively. NO-3-N was the major form of leached inorganic N, amounting to 62.4 mg(T2), 44.4 mg(T3), and 34.5 mg(T4), with a reduction of 28%, 49% and 58% in comparison with the control, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate that applications of biochar could effectively reduce NH+4-N and NO-3-N leaching from Haplic Luvisol soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 铵态氮 硝态氮 氮淋失 土柱淋溶 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]