铜排斥型植物黄花月见草(Oenothera glazioviana)对铜胁迫的响应以及在铜污染土壤上的合理利用  

Physiological Responses of Oenothera glazioviana to Copper Stress and Its Rational Utilization in Copper Contaminated Soil

作　　者：贺瑶[1] 周惜时[1] 夏妍[1] 郭攀[1] 王桂萍[2] 沈振国[1,2,3] 陈亚华[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农村土地资源利用与整治国家地方联合工程研究中心,南京210095 [3]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2015年第3期449-460,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371545);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金CX(14)2095;江苏省科技计划项目(社会发展)(BE2013709;BE2014742)

摘　　要：为探究Cu对铜排斥型经济植物黄花月见草生长和生理特性的影响,以铜积累型植物海州香薷和铜敏感植物芝麻为对照,通过水培试验研究了Cu(50μmol·L-1)胁迫对三种植物根系生长、根尖质膜完整性、叶片叶绿素含量、膜透性、渗透调节物质含量、有机酸含量、必需营养元素吸收的影响。结果表明:Cu胁迫下三种植物根系生长均受到显著抑制,但黄花月见草和海州香薷的根尖质膜完整性较好,而芝麻的根尖质膜完整性受到严重伤害;Cu胁迫导致芝麻叶片细胞膜透性增加了130%、叶绿素含量相对于对照降低了6.9%,但对黄花月见草和海州香薷叶片膜透性、叶绿素含量没有影响。Cu胁迫下,三种植物体内苹果酸含量均显著增加;海州香薷和芝麻叶片中脯氨酸含量分别上升了37%和73%,而黄花月见草叶片脯氨酸含量变化不大。三种植物体内Cu积累与Zn、Fe、Mn的积累呈显著正相关,与Ca、K积累呈负相关。此外,通过盆栽试验发现,土壤中总铜含量不高于700 mg Cu·kg-1土对黄花月见草种子千粒重、种子油含量、油中γ-亚麻酸含量均没有显著影响,且种子铜含量符合国家食品卫生标准(GBT 5009.13—2003)。低廉的生产成本和较高的经济效益使得黄花月见草在合理利用Cu污染土壤中具有推广价值。Growth and physiological characteristics of a copper excluder, Oenothera glazioviana, a copper accumulator, Elsholtzia haichowensis, and a copper sensitive species, Sesamum indicum, treated with 50 μmol Cu·L-1were studied in solution culture. Root growth,cell membrane permeability, uptake of essential elements, integrity of the root-tip plasma membrane, and contents of chlorophyll, organic acid and substances used for osmotic pressure adjustment were measured. Three days after Cu treatment, the root growth decreased in all three plant species. Additionally, the plasma membrane of S. indicum root-tip was seriously damaged, but membranes remained intact in O.glazioviana and E. haichowensis. Compared with the control without Cu stress, cell membrane permeability increased by 130%, but chlorophyll content decreased by 6.9% in the leaves of S. indicum. However, these physiological characteristics did not change in O. glazioviana and E. haichowensis. Under Cu stress, malic acid contents of three species increased. Copper stress did not affect proline content of O.glazioviana, but increased that of E. haichowensis and S. indicum by 37% and 73%, respectively. Accumulation of Cu was positively corre-lated with that of Zn, Fe, and Mn, but negatively with that of Ca and K in all three species. Furthermore, no effects of Cu stress on thousand kernel weight, contents of oil and γ-linolenic acid were found in O. glazioviana grown in soil containing total copper ≤700 mg·kg-1. The content of Cu in O. glazioviana seeds satisfied the National Food Health Standards of China(GBT 5009.13—2003). Low production cost and high economic returns of O. glazioviana make this plant promising in utilizing Cu-contaminated soils.

关 键 词：黄花月见草 海州香薷 芝麻 铜耐性 生理响应 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53