论谓词的涵义与指称——兼评弗雷格的涵义—指称理论  

On the Sense and Reference of Predicates:Comments on Frege's Theory of Sense- Reference

作　　者：陈晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院哲学所,广东广州510006

出　　处：《河北学刊》2015年第3期1-7,共7页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2010年度国家社会科学基金项目<功能主义与心身问题研究>(10BZX020);2013年度中国逻辑学会学术研究重点项目<对塔斯基"真"理论的批评与重建>(13CLZD001)的资助

摘　　要：弗雷格主张,谓词是一种函项表达式,其指称是一个概念,并且概念正如谓词函项也是有空位的和不完整的。弗雷格的这一主张导致了概念悖论。为清除这个悖论,笔者在保留谓词是函项表达式这一论点的基础上提出并论证一个不同的主张:谓词函项在一定意义上是完整的。具体而言,行使谓词功能的谓词是有空位而无指称的,但行使主词功能的谓词是无空位而有指称的。在前一种情况下,谓词具有带空位的涵义;在后一种情况下,谓词具有不带空位的涵义和指称。它们分别是一个命题集合和相应的序偶集,并且前者展示该谓词的语法意义,而后者确定该谓词所指称的某些可能世界。Frege advocated that a predicate was a functional expression and the reference of it was a concept,which as just a predicative function had one or more empty places and was incomplete. This view of Frege's will give rise to what has been known as the paradox of the concept horse. In order to resolve this paradox,on the basis of retaining the point that a predicate is a function,I put forward and argue for an opposite view,i. e. a predicative function is complete in a sense. Specifically speaking,a predicate performing the function of a predicate has at least one empty place and has no reference while a predicate performing the function of a subject does not has any empty place but has a reference. In the former situation,a predicate has a sense with one or more empty places,namely a concept,but in the latter situation,a predicate has a sense without any empty place and a reference,which are respectively a set of propositions that displays its grammatical meaning and a corresponding set of ordered pairs that fixes a possible world it refers to.

关 键 词：弗雷格 涵义 指称 谓词 函项 

分 类 号：B812[哲学宗教—逻辑学]