出口与工资不平等——基于中国工业部门的经验证据  

Export and Wage Inequality: Evidence form Chinese Manufacturing Sector

作　　者：张杰[1] 陈志远[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学汉青经济和金融高级研究院,北京100872

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2015年第5期63-72,共10页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(11CJL023)

摘　　要：本文采用中国工业企业2004年普查数据,从行业和企业两个层面研究了出口与工资不平等的关系及影响机制。本文的研究发现:在行业层面上,出口密集度与工资不平等程度呈现显著的负向关系,即出口活动的参与会降低工资不平等;教育水平是解释工资差异的一个重要因素,但以往的基于中国工业企业层面的研究未予以重视;在企业层面上,我们通过分位数回归模型分析发现,国际贸易主要是通过提高低工资企业的工资来降低不平等,即出口主要通过相对地提高低工资企业的技能溢价从而缓和工资分布的不平等。基于此,本文提出了针对出口对工资收入优化的相关政策建议。Using China's manufacturing enterprise census database in 2004,This paper investigates the relationship between export and wage inequality and the mechanism from industry and enterprise levels and have the following findings. In industry levels,export intensity and wage inequality shows significant negative relationships,that's to say,participation in export activities decreases wage inequality; education levels is an important factor explaining difference in wages,which is lacking of stud in early researches; in enterprise levels,by using quantile regression models,we find that international trades decrease wage inequality through the channels of increasing wages in low-wage enterprises. Based on these findings,our paper proposes relevant policy advice on optimization of export's influence on wages.

关 键 词：出口 工资不平等 技能溢价 工业部门 影响机制 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.24[经济管理—产业经济]