小儿颅内肿瘤的临床、CT、MRI及病理特点分析  

Clinical,CT,MRI and pathologic features of intracranial tumor in children

作　　者：江世锁[1] 计颖[2] 蒋玉麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省立医院儿科,合肥230001 [2]安徽省立医院脑外科,合肥230001

出　　处：《中国基层医药》2004年第5期551-552,共2页Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的　总结小儿颅内肿瘤的临床特点 ,评价计算机X线断层扫描 (CT)、核磁共振成像 (MRI)对颅内肿瘤的诊断价值及手术治疗的重要性。方法　对 71例小儿颅内肿瘤的临床、颅脑CT、MRI及病理资料进行总结分析。结果　 71例患儿中 ,头痛 5 7例 ,呕吐 4 0例 ,视乳头水肿 4 6例 ,共济失调 2 1例 ,肌力减退或偏瘫 7例 ,多饮多尿、眼球活动受限、眼球震颤各 5例 ;CT检查阳性率 95 8% ,MRI阳性率 10 0 % ;肿瘤的分布显示颅咽管瘤、髓母细胞瘤分别为幕上、幕下第一位肿瘤 ,星形胶质细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级在幕上、幕下也占较高比例。结论　对非感染性高颅压的病人 ,CT、MRI应作为常规的检查方法 ,所有患儿尽可能手术 ,既可以改善预后 ,又可减少影像检查对颅内肿瘤诊断的局限性。Objective To assess the value of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of intracranial tumor and the value of surgical therapy in children with intracranial tumor.Methods Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and pathologic data,and cerebral CT and MRI images of 71 patients was performed.Results The subjects were found 57 with headache,40 with vomiting,46 with papilledema,21 with ataxias,7 with hemiplegia or decreased myodynamia,5 with polyuria and polydipsia,5 with limited eyeball movements and 5 with nystagmus.There were 95.8% patients with abnormal cerebral CT,while there were 100% patients with abnormal cerebral MRI.Craniopharyngioma and medulloblastoma were the most common diseases located in supratentorial and infratentorial,area repectively,while astroglioma had a high prevalence in both the areas.Conclusion CT and MRI should be used routinely for those with increased intracranial pressure originated from noninfectious disease.Tumors should be resected as soon as possible for all patients.Surgical removal of intracranial humors can both improve the prognosis of the patients and minimize the limitation of diagnosis of intracranial tumors by CT or MRI.

关 键 词：小儿 颅内肿瘤 CT检查 MRI检查 病理特点 核磁共振成像 诊断 手术治疗 

分 类 号：R739.4[医药卫生—肿瘤]