华北平原下垫面荒漠化和绿化对气候的影响  

AN STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EARTH SURFACE CHANGE ON CLIMATE

作　　者：林贤超[1] 尹思明[1] 李克让[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家计委地理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理学报》1993年第6期552-562,共11页Acta Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：从大气热力学能量方程,水汽守恒方程以及降水与大气水汽含量和相对湿度的经验关系出发,本文假定大尺度环流不受地表下垫面变化的影响,不考虑大气辐射吸收与水汽和温度的反馈作用,对大气和地表能量过程作参数化处理,建立了一个反映区域年平均温度和降水的变化与地表反射率和波恩比变化之间的关系。计算分析表明,对于线性尺度为550km的华北平原来说,如果地表下垫面从目前状态变成沙漠的话,年平均温度将增加2.14°C,年降水量将减少536.1mm。如果华北平原全部绿化、年平均温度变化不大,年降水量可增加21.2mm。In this paper,from the thermatic energy equation,water vapour conservative equation and the empirical relation between precipitation and water vapour as well as relative humidity, under the hypothesis that large scale circulation condition is not affected by earth surface change,the energy processes in atmosphere and earth surface is parameterized without considering the feedback effect of water vapour and temperature on radiative absorption, and a explicit relation between the change of temperature and rainfall in a region which is induced by the variation of albedo and Bowen ratio on the earth surface is finally established. For the North China plain with a linear scale about 550km, the results of a sensitive experiment indicate that if earth surface turned from current state to a desert, annual average temperature would increase 2. 14°C,and yearly rainfall would reduce 536. 1mm, i. e. yearly rainfall would be 62. 5mm at that time. On the other hand, if the North China Plain were all covered with forests,the annual average temperature would almost not change,and yearly rainfall would increase 21. 2mm.

关 键 词：地表下垫面 气候变化 华北平原 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]