浮游动物摄食在赤潮生消过程中的作用  

The effects of zooplankton grazing on the development of red tides

作　　者：孙军[1] 刘东艳[2] 王宗灵[3] 朱明远[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境重点实验室,青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003 [3]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1514-1522,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家基础研究与重点资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1CB40 970 2 ) ;国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 2 0 60 2 0 ;40 3 0 60 2 5 )~~

摘　　要：浮游动物摄食在赤潮生消过程中起相当重要的作用。由于摄食过程的复杂性和生物物种与个体行为存在的多样性 ,使得赤潮过程中浮游动物的摄食研究具有相当难度。从浮游动物的摄食类型和习性、浮游动物摄食率测定、浮游动物选择性摄食对赤潮群落演替发展方向、浮游动物摄食在有毒微藻赤潮中的作用、浮游动物摄食在中国赤潮研究中的关键科学问题等几个方面探讨了浮游动物摄食对赤潮生物种群动力学的影响 。Red tides have become a major environmental issue in China. A national fundamental and key project in China called “The ecological and oceanographical occurring mechanism of harmful algae blooms in the coastal seas of China (CEOHAB)” started in 2001. Zooplankton grazing is a key process during red tide events, and its study is a component of this project. This paper analyzes and reviews the zooplankton grazing strategies and food type, measurement methods for grazing rates and pressure, grazing effects on red tide community development and its pathway, selective grazing of zooplankton, the relationship between zooplankton grazing and harmful algae, and the key objectives in studying the effects of grazing on harmful algae blooms in China. Red tide communities are a subset of phytoplankton community, so all the behavior of red tide should obey the rules of phytoplankton population dynamics. The most obvious role of grazing is the removal of cells from the phytoplankton community. Different phytoplankton cell types will, however, be grazed at different rates by zooplankton and these differences will impact on phytoplankton community development and its pathway. Three types of zooplankton grazing strategies are discussed in the paper: Type A, the grazing rate gets increasingly higher as phytoplankton concentration approaches zero; in this case, the zooplankton would tend to exploit the phytoplankton to extinction, and its grazing will have limited effects on controlling red tide occurrences. Type B, the grazing rate is at its maximum until the phytoplankton concentration is very high; in this case, the zooplankton would, at low phytoplankton concentrations, exert a constant mortality rate, which, if less than the growth rate of phytoplankton community would allow the phytoplankton population to grow despite being grazed. Such grazing will affect the red tides to some extent, and would contribute to preventing the occurrence of red tides. Type C, the zooplankton reduce the grazing effort as phytoplankton beco

关 键 词：浮游动物 浮游植物 赤潮 选择性摄食 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]