木质素生物合成及其基因工程研究进展  

Advances in Research on Lignin Biosynthesis and Its Genetic Engineering

作　　者：赵华燕[1] 魏建华[2] 宋艳茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所光合作用与环境分子生理学重点实验室,北京100093 [2]北京市农林科学院农业生物技术中心,北京100089

出　　处：《植物生理与分子生物学学报》2004年第4期361-370,共10页Journal Of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No. 30170783);北京自然科学基金(No.5012009);国家"863"高科技计划(No. 2004AA212121)资助。~~

摘　　要：木质素是维管植物的一种主要组成成分,是植物适应陆地环境的重要特征之一。然而,它的存在严重影响植物材料在造纸工业与畜牧业生产中的应用,因此其生物合成调控的研究引起人们极大关注。随着各种分析技术和手段的提高,该领域研究取得了突破性的进展。该文重点阐述这些新进展,同时较系统地介绍利用基因工程技术调控木质素生物合成的研究成果,并提出一些关于更有效地利用生物技术手段改良造纸资源植物品质的建议。Lignin, one of the main components in vascular plants, is important for the adapta- tion of terrestrial plants to environment during evolution. However, its presence in plants has negative effects on wood processing during pulping and stock breeding. Therefore much at- tention has been focused on the regulation of lig- nin biosynthesis. The pathways leading to the synthesis of lignin polymers have been studied for decades. Much understanding of lignin bio- synthesis has been advanced. This paper re- viewed the recent progress made in the various steps associated with monolignol biosynthesis. It includes the catalysis by three enzymes, i.e. p- coumarate-3-hydroxylase (C3H), ferulate-5-hy- droxylase (F5H) and caffeic acid 3-O- methyltransferase (COMT); the multiform bio- synthetic pathway of syringyl (S) lignin in angiosperms; the biosynthesis route of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignin specifically regulated by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD) and the formation of the lignin macromolecule. Based on the elucidation of lignin biosyn- thesis pathway, it has also been given the achievements in lignin gene engineering. Many studies were concentrated on the modification of lignin content and composition. In some cases, the potential value of transgenic plants with modified lignin beneficial for pulping has been demonstrated. To better understand the mecha- nism of lignin biosynthesis and improve the prop- erties of plants, new biotechnological strategies can be developed, which include combinatorial modification of multiple lignin traits in plants through multigene cotransformation, transcrip- tional control of lignin biosynthesis and the ap- plication of RNA interference. The identifica- tion of novel genes by molecular and genetic approaches will be useful in opening up new avenues of lignin modification in the future.

关 键 词：木质素 生物合成 基因工程 制浆 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]