基于GIS的柴达木盆地景观空间格局分析  

GIS-based Analysis on the Spatial Patterns of Landscapes in the Qaidam Basin

作　　者：欧立业[1] 马海州[1] 沙占江[1] 曹广超[1] 薛亮[1] 杨海镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2004年第3期280-285,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"我国自然环境分异耦合过程与发展趋势 (KZCX2 -SW -118)"资助

摘　　要：根据柴达木盆地土地利用现状图以及水文等资料 ,利用GIS和景观生态学的原理与方法 ,结合水资源分区状况 ,对柴达木盆地的土地利用景观进行分区制图 ,划分出 7个区域。针对斑块和景观镶嵌体分别选取 7个景观指标。研究表明 :柴达木盆地景观的优势景观类型为草地和未利用土地 ,面积之和均占各区的 90 %以上 ,其它面积较小的景观则呈补丁状散布在各个景观分区中 ;在柴达木盆地中 ,景观多样性与水资源有密切的联系 ,水资源愈丰富 ,景观多样性的值愈大 ;平均接近指数能较为有效地反映柴达木盆地景观格局与人类活动的关系。从鱼卡河大小柴旦区→那棱格勒乌图美仁区→茫崖冷湖荒漠区→柴达木河都兰区→格尔木区→巴音河德令哈区→都兰河希赛区景观平均接近指数从 932 1.13→ 75 4 3.4 2→ 5 0 85 .0 5→ 4 315 .0 3→ 2 76 0 .6 5→ 10 6 9.93→ 36 3.33,呈显著减少趋势 ,说明人类活动程度的增强 ,景观破碎化程度增大 ,即人类活动程度和景观破碎程度大致呈正比关系。Located in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qaidam Basin (35°00′～39°20′N, 90°16′～99°16′E, 2 675～350 m a.s.l.) is a famous inland intermontane basin in China. The typical desert-oasis landscapes are developed in the Qaidam Basin, where water resources is the most important factor affecting the landscapes, that is the formation and development of the desert-oasis landscapes are closely related to the water resources in the basin. In this paper, the division maps of the land use landscapes in the Qaidam Basin are charted based on the maps of land use actuality and the hydrological data in the Qaidam Basin by using GIS and the fundamentals and methods of landscape ecology and by combining the divisions of water resources in the basin, and 7 subregions of the landscapes are divided. Considering from the patches and the inlaid landscapes, seven indexes of landscapes are selected so as to research the spatial patterns of the landscapes in the Qaidam Basin. The results show that the dominant patterns of the landscapes in the Qaidam Basin are the grasslands and the unused lands, the proportion of their total area occupies over 90% in all the subregions, and other landscape patches are inlaid. In the Qaidam Basin, the landscape diversity is closely related to the water resources, and the more plentiful the water resources is, the higher the value of landscape diversity will be. The relationship between the landscape patterns and the human activities in the Qaidam Basin can be effectively revealed by the average adjacent indexes of landscapes. The fragmentation of the landscapes is increased with the increase of the intensity of human activities.

关 键 词：柴达木盆地 景观 空间格局 GIS 景观指数 生态环境 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]