西安市部分社区老年人疾病与健康状况的流行病学特点  

Epidemiological characteristics of disease and health status among the elderly in partial communities of Xi'an

作　　者：马志华[1] 张茹英[2] 刘彦君[3] 楚东岭[4] 化前珍[1] 刘冬焕[1] 刘喜文[1] 尼春萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第四军医大学护理系基础护理学教研室 [2]解放军第四军医大学护理系护理管理学教研室 [3]陕西省护理学会 [4]解放军第四军医大学唐都医院呼吸科,陕西省西安市710032

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2004年第21期4141-4143,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:分析社区老年人疾病和健康状况的流行病学特点及影响因素,为社区保健提供依据。方法:对西安市部分社区年龄≥60岁老年人疾病和健康状况进行流行病学调查,采用问卷和体格检查相结合的方法获得数据,应用SPSS软件包进行统计分析。结果:老年人慢性病总患病率为76%,患1种疾病29.4%,患2种疾病22.8%,患3种以上疾病23.8%;高血压患病率36.3%,其次是关节炎患病率17.6%;不同职业和文化程度老年人患病差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);吸烟量愈多,烟龄愈长者,患病率愈高(P<0.05);吸烟与肺心病、糖尿病关系密切,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:老年慢性病患病率高,患病种类多,慢性病影响因素普遍存在。开展老年社区服务,倡导良好卫生行为及生活习惯,将有助于老年人健康水平的提高,社区人群健康教育干预迫在眉睫。AIM:To analyze the epidemilological features and affecting factors of disease and health status among the elderly in community,so as to provide evidences for the health care in community. METHODS:An epidemiological investigation about the disease and health status was conducted among the elderly,who were over 60 years old,in a few communities of Xi'an city by using the combination of questionnaire and physical examination to acquire the data for statistical analysis with the SPSS software. RESULTS:The total prevalence rate was 76%for chronic diseases,29.4%for only one disease,22.8%for two diseases,and 23.8%for above three diseases.The prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.3%,followed by arthritis(17.6%),and there was a significant difference among elderly people of different occupation,educational level(P< 0.05);the more and the longer they smoked,the higher the prevalence rate.Smoking was closely related with pulmonary heart disease and diabetes mellitus,and there was a significant difference(P< 0.01).CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of chronic diseases is high and there are many kinds of diseases in elderly people, and the affecting factors of these diseases exist here and there.Active and efficient community service and good living habits are good for the improvement of health levels for the elderly,so it is extremely urgent to launch the healthy education for the community crowd.

关 键 词：西安市 老年人 疾病 健康 流行病学 影响因素 社区保健 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]