雅典贵族与民主政治——雅典民主政坛上的贵族现象探析  

Athenian Aristocrats and Democracy——Analysis of aristocratic leadership in Athenian democracy

作　　者：毕会成[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史系,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2004年第5期103-116,共14页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：辽宁师范大学博士研究启动基金。

摘　　要：雅典贵族主宰民主政坛的现象,有其特定的历史背景:一、雅典贵族与众不同的生存环境和适应环境的能力,使他们不自觉地扮演了民主政治的推动者的角色;二、雅典文化价值体系的贵族性使贵族在社会政治生活中处于众望所归的地位;三、贵族的商业化使他们在经济行为上与工商业者趋于一致,成为他们在政治上充当工商业者的代言人的物质基础。但是,伴随工商业者的阶级意识和权力意识的进一步增强,伯里克利之后平民工商业领袖的崭露头角和公民大会对政治事务的全面控驭,意味着民主政治日益显露其真实的社会基础。因此,贵族领袖现象并不否定民主政治的基础在于工商业这一根本命题。The phenomenon of aristocratic domination in Athenian democracy, was rooted in the historical background as indicated below: 1) situated in special existing conditions, Athenian aristocrats unconsciously played the role of pusher of democracy, by virtue of their inordinate adaptability; 2) aristocrats were expected of the leadership in Athenian social and political lives, the value orientation system of which was of aristocracy; 3) the common economic behavior Athenian aristocrats tended to share with craftsmen and businessmen through commercialization , made up the material base upon which the aristocrats acted as the spokesmen for the craftsmen and businessmen. However, along with the craftsmen and businessmen gaining their class—awareness and power—consciousness further, some of them were elected leaders and Assembly achieved complete control of political affairs after the death of Pericles, so that the social foundation of democracy was being revealed more and more clearly. Therefore, the phenomenon of aristocratic domination didn't disprove the conception that the foundation of democracy lies in industry and commerce.

关 键 词：雅典贵族 民主政治 平民政治 异化 

分 类 号：K545[历史地理—历史学]