东海近海春季赤潮发生与浮游动物群落结构的关系  

Relationship between red tide occurrence and zooplankton communities structure in the coastal sea of East China Sea in spring.

作　　者：徐兆礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2004年第3期257-260,共4页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2001CB409700;G1999043707);科技部社会公益研究专项项目(2001DIA10014-4);科技部社会公益监测项目(2001DIB10082);农业部国家海洋生物资源调查项目(126)

摘　　要：依据2002～2003年东海赤潮高发区(122°～123°30′E、29°～32°N)及东海122°～125°E、29°～32°N海域4季综合调查资料,探讨东海近海春季赤潮爆发的生物学特征.结果表明,东海赤潮高发区浮游动物(网目孔径0.505mm)总生物量4季平均为170.75mg/m3,春季略低于夏季,明显高于秋、冬季.春季浮游动物生物量高,种类数及优势种种数(3种)相对较少,并呈现出单一优势种的优势度和平均丰度高,多样性指数均值低(1.78)的特征.随着冬季到春季水温逐渐升高,该水域生物量迅速上升,优势种种数却没有同步升高,仅有个别优势种,如中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)种群数量得到迅速的增长(平均丰度142.10mg/m3,占总丰度68.09%).这种生物量与群落变化的不同步、不对称性导致浮游动物群落结构的脆弱性,形成了东海近海春季赤潮发生的生物环境特征.Based on the comprehensive investigation data of the red tide frequately occurred area (122~12330E、29~32N) and the seawaters (122~125E、29~32N) in East China Sea and four seasons from 2002 to 2003, thebiological character of red tide burst in the coastal sea areas of East China Sea in spring was probed. Average totalbiomass of zooplankton (mesh size 0.505mm) in four seasons was 170.75mg/m3, with the total biomass in spring a little lower than that in summer, and markedly higher than in autumn and winter. The biomass of zooplankton in spring was high, species number and the dominant species number (3 species) were relatively less, and also appeared the characters of high dominance and average abundance of single dominant species and average value relatively of diversity index low (1.78). The biomass in the waters rose rapidly with gradual rising of water temperature from winter to spring, whiledominant species number did not rise synchronously, only one or two dominant species, such as Calanus sinicus, hadrapid increase of biomass (average abundance 142.10mg/m3, occupying 68.09% of the total abundance). This asymmetry and man-correspondence of the biomass and the change of community leaded to a fragility of zooplankton communitystructure, forming the biological environment characters of red tide occurrence in the coastal area of East China Sea in spring.

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 东海 赤潮 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学]