表面活性剂强化重金属污染植物修复的可行性  

Feasibility of surfactants-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination

作　　者：陈玉成[1,2] 熊双莲[3,4] 熊治廷[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学资源环境学院 [2]武汉大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430072 [3]武汉大学资源环境学院 [4]华中农业大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《生态环境》2004年第2期243-246,共4页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(29877021);重庆市2003年高等学校优秀中青年骨干教师资助项目

摘　　要：表面活性剂因具有亲水亲脂的两亲性,已被广泛用来治理环境污染。利用表面活性剂强化植物萃取土壤重金属的可行性,是建立在表面活性剂、重金属、土壤、植物等四者之间的关系基础上的。文章根据乳化液膜分离、胶团强化超滤、金属液泡吸收等技术探讨了表面活性剂与重金属的关系。表面活性剂在其浓度超过临界胶束浓度时,在溶液中形成胶团,通过静电吸附与超滤,去除溶液中的重金属。超滤技术与ξ电位的试验结果确定了表面活性剂与土壤的关系,即土壤界面的吸附和金属缔合后,通过降低表面张力和增流作用解吸被吸附的金属。细胞膜透性学说揭示了表面活性剂与植物的关系,即表面活性剂改变生物膜的结构和透性,促使植物对重金属的吸收。开发环境友好性的生物表面活性剂是该研究领域的前沿方向。Surfactants had been widely applied to remediation of contamination due to its amphiphilic structure as hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. The feasibilities of surfactants-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metals were established on the relationship among the surfactant, heavy metal, soil or sediment, and plant. The separation techniques such as emulsion liquid membrane, micellar-enhanecd ultrafiltration, and metal-sorbing vesicles were applied to describe the relationships between surfactant and heavy metal, i.e., the removal of heavy metal in solution was depended on the static absorption and ultrafiltration of the micelle formed from surfactant. Some experiments involving ultrafiltration and ξ potential were conducted to determine the relationship between surfactant and soil or sediment. The theory on cell membrane penetration was used to indicate the relationship between surfactant and plant. It was suggested that developing the friendly-to-environment biosurfactants is the frontier to surfactants-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated environment.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 重金属 植物修复 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53