湖南省长江防护林生态防护功能研究  

Ecological functions of shelter forest along Yangtze river in Hunan Province

作　　者：何友军[1] 陈晓萍[2] 叶小施[2] 田育新[3] 李锡泉[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所会同森林生态实验站,沈阳110016 [2]湖南省林业厅,长沙410007 [3]湖南省林科院,长沙410004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2004年第5期121-125,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目 (KZCX3 SW 418);中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (KZCX2 -4 0 5 )

摘　　要：通过对湘中丘陵区和湘西北山区长江防护林进行长期定位观测 ,分析了湖南省长江防护林主要类型林分生态防护功能及其生态效益。定位研究以荒山为对照 ,结果表明 ,有林地坡面年产流量明显降低 ,在湘中丘陵地区降低 3 3%～ 17 16 % ,在湘西北山区降低 8 0 1%～17 4 2 %。更为明显的差异表现在土壤的涵养水源功能 ,在湘中丘陵区和湘西北山区 ,有林地比荒山的土壤涵水量分别高 4 7 1%～ 119 6 %和 4 3 0 %～ 10 8 7% ,有林地比荒山的土壤渗透率分别高 90 9%～ 131 8%和 2 95 6 %～ 4 5 6 5 4 % ,而有林地坡面产沙量也明显低于荒山 ,为荒山的 15 3%～ 35 7%。在各类型林分中人工混交林和天然次生混交林其坡面产流量、产沙量以及输沙率均明显低于其它纯林林地 ,其林地涵水量和土壤渗透率明显高于其它类型林分。可见在长江防护林中混交林的生态防护功能明显优于纯林。通过估算 ,湖南省长江防护林的生态效益每年为 35 0Based on the longterm observation in the Hilly Region of Central Hunan (HRCH) and Mountainous Area of Northwestern Hunan (MANH),the ecological functions and benefits of shelter forest along Yangtze river in Hunan Province were analyzed.Taking the barren land as control,the decrease in runoff on afforested slope ranged from 3.3% to 17.16% in HRCH and from 8.01% to 17.42% in MANH.Especially,a more significant difference was found in the water holding function of soil.The water holding capacity of afforested soil increased by 47.1%～119.6% in HRCH and by 43.0%～108.7% in MANH.The permeation ratio of afforested soil increased by 90.9%～131.8% in HRCH and by 295.6%～456.54% in MANH.The amount of earth eroded on the afforested slope was only 15.3%～35.7% of that on barren land.Among the forest types observed,the mixed plantation forest and secondary mixed forest had significantly lower runoff,amount of earth eroded and rate of earth transportation, and higher water holding capacity and permeation ratio than pure forests,indicating that the mixed forest had developed better ecological functions.The ecological benefits of shelter forest along Yangtze river in Hunan Province was estimated to be 3.501 billion Yuan RMB.

关 键 词：长江防护林 生态功能 生态效益 湖南省 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]