水产养殖中的环境胁迫及其预防——营养学途径  

Stress in Aquaculture and Its Prevention with Emphasis on Nutritional Methods

作　　者：麦康森[1] 艾庆辉[1] 徐玮[1] 刘付志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第5期767-774,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 (G1 9990 1 2 0 1 0 )资助

摘　　要：环境胁迫强弱程度的不同对养殖动物的生理功能、免疫力、生长和繁殖有不同程度的负面影响。本文综述近 10多年来关于水产养殖环境胁迫的最新研究成果 ,重点介绍如何通过营养调控提高养殖动物的抗胁迫能力 ,以缓解或减轻环境胁迫所带来的负面效应。并指出未来的重要研究方向是探讨提高养殖动物抗胁迫能力的途径和作用机制。Stress in aquaculture is a stimulus of environmental factors acting on aquatic organisms that are unable to maintain a normal physiologic state because of various factors adversely affecting its well-being. The stresses in aquaculture can be divided into four categories: physical stress, chemical stress, biological stress and management stress. The evaluation indices for stresses include blood cortisol, glucose, lactate, catecholamine and heat shock protein, etc. Stresses usually have negative effects on the physiology, growth and reproduction, immunity, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. In order to prevent stresses or alleviate their negative influences, stressors should be removed and/or the stress resistance of animals should be enhanced. In this paper, the available literature in the past 10 years on aquaculture stresses are reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on nutritional methods for stresse influence minimization. The mechanism for the prevention of stresses or the alleviation their influence of through nutritional modulation needs further studies.

关 键 词：水产养殖 营养学 环境胁迫 预防 生理功能 

分 类 号：S963.16[农业科学—水产养殖]