植物耐冷性基因工程(英文)  

Genetic engineering of plant for cold tolerance

作　　者：逯明辉[1] 陈劲枫[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2004年第10期1953-1958,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2001AA241123;2002AA241251);国家自然科学基金(30170644);教育部"跨世纪优秀人才培养计划";教育部科学技术研究重点项目(重点01097);"农业部蔬菜遗传与生理重点开放实验室"部分资助

摘　　要：温度决定物种的分布,同时还影响作物的产量和品质。植物耐冷的机制涉及到许多方面,包括膜脂组成的变化、可混溶溶质的积累、抗氧化酶活性的提高、低温相关基因的诱导表达等。由于植物的耐冷性状由多基因控制,采用传统的育种方法往往难以取得理想的结果,而植物基因工程技术的发展及应用则提供了另外可能的途径,可以通过转移耐冷性状形成的关键基因从而对植物进行改良。本文从膜脂组成、可混溶溶质、抗冻蛋白、抗氧化酶和诱导植物低温相关基因的转录因子等方面对植物耐冷性的基因工程研究进行了综述,以期为植物育种者和从事冷胁迫机制研究的工作者提供参考。Temperature not only determines the distribution of plant species but also affects the productivity and quality of crops.The mechanisms of cold tolerance in plants involved in many aspects,such as the change of composition of membrane lipids,the accumulation of compatible solutes,the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and the induced expression of low temperature related genes.Cold tolerance in plant is controlled by multi-genes,and it is difficult to use conventional breeding approaches to improve the trait efficiently.The application of genetic engineering offers another feasible way in theory and practice to improve the cold tolerance.In this paper,the recent development of application of plant genetic engineering for cold tolerance in composition of membrane lipids,compatible solutes,antifreeze proteins,activity of antioxidant enzymes and transcriptional factors inducing the expression of plant low temperature related genes were summarized,aiming to provide some useful information and ideas to researchers who work on the plant breeding and the mechanism of cold stress.

关 键 词：基因工程 植物耐冷性 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]