生态环境需水研究现状和展望  

Advances on Ecological and Environmental Water Requirement Research

作　　者：丰华丽[1] 夏军[1] 占车生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2003年第6期591-598,共8页Progress in Geography

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-SW-317)资助

摘　　要：生态环境需水是国内外生态水文学研究的热点问题。本文回顾了国内外生态环境需水研究的现状,并对今后生态环境需水研究进行了展望。研究认为:国外对生态需水的研究侧重于河流生态系统,主要是利用所关心的鱼类对河道物理形态、水流状况等变化的响应关系,来确定河流的最小或最佳流量,研究方法主要以水文学法、水力学法和生境模拟法为主。20世纪90年代后,提出了考虑河流生态系统可接受的流量变化,以维持河流生态系统整体功能为目标确定河流生态需水的研究思路。在国内,生态需水研究起步较晚,但发展较快。研究大致经历了二个阶段:1988年至1998年是对生态需水相关概念的认识阶段,1998年之后才真正进入起步性研究阶段。因此,许多理论和方法都有待加强研究。最后,本文提出了以同位素示踪、遥感等技术为支撑,加强生态需水机理和不同时空尺度生态需水转化等问题的研究。Ecological and environmental water requirement has been one of the research foci of eco-hydrology in the world.Research on ecological and environmental water requirement of river system has been specially emphasized abroad.In some researches, minimum or optimal flow has been determined according to relations between the protected fishes and physical and flow regimes of river using hydrological or hydraulic methods.Since 1990, ecological water requirement of the river system has been estimated on the concept of ecologically acceptable flow regimes to maintain the integrity of ecosystem.In China, the research on ecological water requirement can be separated into two phases.From 1988 to 1998, ecological water requirement and relative concepts began to be recognized.Since 1998, the concepts have been developed and put into application though it is still far to go.For further research, to develop the theories of ecological water requirement estimation and the transitions mechanism between different temporal-spatial scales of ecological water requirement utilizing isotope and RS technique are important research fields.

关 键 词：生态环境需水 现状 展望 

分 类 号：X26[环境科学与工程—环境科学]