词素效应到底是什么?——来自维吾尔语的证据  

WHAT ARE REALLY THE MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN LEXICAL PROCESSING EVIDENCE FROM THE UYGHUR LANGUAGE

作　　者：玛依拉.亚克甫 3.周晓林 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系 [2]北京大学脑科学与认知科学中心,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2004年第5期515-524,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家攀登计划 (批准号 :95 专 0 9) ;国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 0 70 2 60 ) ;教育部科学技术重点项目基金 ( 0 10 0 2 0 2 170 );人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目基金;高等学校骨干教师基金的资助。

摘　　要：利用维吾尔语的一些特点 ,采用视觉 -视觉启动听觉 -视觉跨通道启动、和延迟重复启动等三种启动技术 ,改变目标词和启动词之间在词素、词形以及语义上的多种关系 ,通过比较启动效应的异同 ,来考察词素效应是否可以还原为词形启动效应、语义效应 ,是否可以看成是词形和语义在实时加工中相互作用的后果 ,从而探讨词汇加工中词素效应的实质。实验一发现 ,在明确配对的视觉 -视觉和跨通道启动中 ,启动词和目标词之间只有在具有词素加语义关系 (+m +o +s /D ,+m +o +s /R ;其中m代表词素 ,o代表词形 ,s代表语义 ,D代表目标词为派生词 ,R代表目标词为自由词根 ;+表示启动词和目标词之间在某个维度上相关 ,-表示启动词和目标词之间在某个维度上无关 )时或者仅仅具有语义关系 (-m -o+s /D)时 ,才有显著的启动效应。如果启动词与目标词之间仅仅具有词素 (词形 )关系 ,而没有语义关系 (+m +o -s /D) ,或者仅仅具有词形关系 (-m +o -s /R) ,它们之间的启动效应微乎其微。实验二通过使用维吾尔语中的借词和延迟启动技术 ,比较了词素加语义加词形 (+m +o +s /D)启动和语义加词形启动 (-m +o +s /D)以及语义启动 (-m +o+s /D) ,发现词素启动效应并没有不同于其他启动条件下的效应。两个实验都表明 。What is the nature of morphological effects in lexical processing? Can they be reduced to lexical form effects, semantic effects, or the interaction between form and semantic processing? Are there explicit representations of morphological structures in the mental lexicon? These questions were investigated in two experiments on the Uyghur language, which is spoken in China's Xinjiang area and is an agglutinate language with rich morphological structures. Experiment 1 used visual-visual priming and cross-modal priming lexical decision tasks and manipulated the morphological relations between primes and targets. In both tasks, significant priming effects were observed for prime-target pairs that shared root morphemes and were semantically related as wholes, whether the targets were derived words (+m+o+s / D), or free-root morphemes (+m+o+s / R). \[Here ”m” denotes the morphological relation between primes and target, ”o” orthographic relation, ”s” semantic relation; and ”+” denotes (having) the relation between primes and targets in the relevant dimension and ”-” having no relation.\] Priming effects with similar magnitudes were also observed for words that were only semantically related (-m-o+s / D). In contrast, no significant effect was observed for prime-target pairs that were morphologically related but not semantically related (+m+o-s / D) or that were only formally related (-m+o-s / R). Experiment 2 took advantage of the fact that in Uyghur many words are borrowed from other languages and some of these words are morphologically related in the original languages but only semantically and formally related in Uyghur. Using the delayed repetition priming technique, this experiment compared the priming effects between Uyghur morphologically related words (+m+o+s / D) , borrowed words (-m+o+s / D) and pure semantically related words (-m+o+s / D). The same patterns of priming effects were found for the three types of words in the short and long lag repetition conditions. These findings were inter

关 键 词：词汇加工 词素启动 维吾尔语 连接主义 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]