美国矿床(山)环境地球化学研究动态及我国对策  

UPDATES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF MINERAL DEPOSITS IN USA AND POSSIBLE APPROACHES FOR CHINA

作　　者：肖桂义[1] 汪明启[2] 任萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学 [2]中国地质大学,北京100083

出　　处：《地球与环境》2004年第2期55-62,共8页Earth and Environment

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目"矿床环境模型及评价指标研究"(200210000002)

摘　　要：矿床的开采所引发的环境问题越来越引起人们的重视,矿床环境地球化学研究成为一个重要研究领域。自20世纪90年代以来,美国在此领域取得了一些重要研究成果,文章对美国在矿床环境地球化学作用、矿床的地球化学背景和基准值、矿山(床)酸性排水和特殊矿床的环境效应等方面的最新研究成果进行总结,旨在为我国开展这方面的工作提供参考资料。作者建议我国应适时启动矿床(山)环境地球化学研究,特别是研究全国地球化学扫面资料在矿床环境方面的应用、流域性矿集区环境地球化学作用及其与生态关系、矿山环境治理(矿山复垦或矿山酸性排水降解)中地球化学作用机理等。With shrinking of mining industry, exploration geochemistry previously aiming at mineral exploration is hard to survive in the changing academic world since the 1990s. Geochemists from the US Geological Survey have recently put their focus on the geo-environmental study of ore deposits, particularly the environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits. Their studies are focused on the geochemical processes affecting the environmental behavior of mineral deposits, geochemical background and baseline of mineral deposits and mines, acid rock/mine water drainage, and environmental effects in special mineral deposits. Their field experiences will give a good example for Chinese colleagues to follow up. It is highly recommended that to initiate research on the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits in China, especially in the application of the regional geochemical data to evaluating the environmental effects of mines and ore deposits, the geo-environmental processes of ore deposits and their relations to the ecosystem on the basis of river basin,and geochemical role in understanding the mechanism of geochemical processes during rehabilitation of an abandoned mine and degradation of acid-mine water drainage.

关 键 词：环境地球化学 矿床环境 矿山环境 地球化学背景与基准值 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]