乌梁素海保护的生态需水量评估  

Researches on ecological water demand of Wuliangsuhai Lake

作　　者：王效科[1] 赵同谦[1] 欧阳志云[1] 范秀英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第10期2124-2129,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 0 70 14 9;3 0 2 3 0 690 )~~

摘　　要：结合乌梁素海湿地生态系统特征 ,基于保证水量、保证水质和改善水质 (对于污染湖泊 ) 3个层次的湖泊湿地保护目标 ,给出了不同环境保护目标下湖泊湿地的生态需水量估算方法 ,并在系统分析乌梁素海水文水循环特征的基础上 ,选择适合的计算方法 ,对乌梁素海不同保护目标下的生态需水量进行了估算。结果表明 ,从保证水量平衡角度看 ,乌梁素海排干系统排入湖泊水量为 6 .18× 10 8m3/ a,可以保证乌梁素海的水量平衡 ;从保证水质角度看 ,由于作为生态用水的黄河水总 N浓度超过国家地表水水质标准中湖泊水质 V类水标准限值的 1.6倍 ,比乌梁素海湖水总 N含量还要高 ,因此 ,完全达标的生态需水量是不存在的 ,但如果只考虑盐分和总 P,在现有排干水量为 6 .18× 10 8m3/ a条件下 ,则维持乌梁素海的盐分和 P浓度不变的生态需水量分别为 1.82× 10 8m3/ a和 12 .3× 10 8m3/ a;从保证湖水水质达标角度看 ,现有污染物排放情况下 ,1a盐分和总 P达标的生态需水量分别为 4 .91× 10 8m3/ a和 16 .3× 10 8m3/ a,10 a盐分和总 P达标的生态需水量应分别为 4 .2 8× 10 8m3/ a和 14 .3× 10 8m3/Ecological water demand for wetland is a newly integrated concept, which are required for maintaining ecosystem structure and function, protecting biodiversity, sustaining human life and activities, and improving environment quality. In arid and semi-arid areas of northern China, lakes have been facing a number of problems such as dried-up, shrinkage and serious water pollution. The estimation of ecological water demand for lake is the basic precondition to keep rational utilization or restoration of lake ecosystem. In this paper, the characteristics of Wuliangsuhai Lake ecosystem were studied at first, and different calculating methods were deduced under different protected targets such as water amount balance, water quality maintenance and its improvement. Based on the investigated data about hydrological and water cycling features, ecological water demand of Wuliangsuhai Lake were calculated under different targets by selecting suitable methods. The results of this study consisted of three aspects. Firstly, when drainage amount from adjacent farmland to the lake reach (6.18×10~8m^3/a,) the water balance of Wuliangsuhai Lake in amount could be kept. Secondly, the total nitrogen concentration in Huanghe River, which is the source of ecological water, is higher than that in Wuliangshuhai Lake. Under this condition, from the viewpoint of water quality maintenance, it is impossible for the lake to meet the relative national standard. But only if the salts and total Phosphorus be considered, under the present drainage amount from farmland of (6.18×10~8m^3/a,) the ecological water demand amount to maintain the salts and P concentration constant should be (1.82×10~8)m^3/a and 12.3×10~8m^3/a respectively. Finally, from the point of view of water quality improvement, the ecological water demand amount that can improve the salts and P to meet the national standard in one year should be 4.91×10~8m^3/a and (16.3×10~8)(m^3/a) respectively, and in ten years, it should be 4.28×10~8m^3/a and 14.3×10~8m^3 /a respectiv

关 键 词：生态需水量 乌梁素海 水资源 评估 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]