高尔夫球场草坪-杂草群落中主要杂草种类年消长动态及时间生态位  

Temporal miche and dynamics of main weed species in turf-weed community in golf courses

作　　者：马宗仁[1] 阳承胜[1] 常向前 郭辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学高尔夫学院,深圳518060 [2]深圳名商高尔夫球会,深圳518032 [3]深圳大学师范学院数学教育系,深圳518060

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第10期2230-2237,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 98993 70 ) ;深圳科技计划资助项目 ( 990 7)~~

摘　　要：研究了亚热带地区高尔夫球场草坪 -杂草群落中主要杂草种类组成、年消长动态及时间生态位。结果表明 :高尔夫球场草坪 -杂草群落中各类杂草总计 5 9种 ,其中禾草 14种 ,莎草 4种 ,阔叶杂草 4 1种。在 2 0 %以上的样带小样方中出现的杂草种类为13种 ,即香附子、水蜈蚣、黄花酢浆草、铺地黎、牛筋草、两耳草、马唐草、天胡荽、狗尾草、空心莲子草、马齿苋、鸡眼草和犁头草 ;13种主要杂草总的年消长动态是 :1～ 3月份个体数量较少 ,4～ 10月份期间生长加快 ,但消长起伏不平 ,10月份后变缓 ;70 %以上的主要杂草在草坪 -杂草群落中生态位宽度均在 0 .7左右 ,其中生态位宽度较高的杂草种类为香附子 (0 .90 5 4 )、水蜈蚣(0 .86 18)和黄花酢浆草 (0 .8381) ,生态位最小的杂草种类为马齿苋 (0 .392 2 ) ;13种杂草中 ,相似性指数最高的杂草种对为空心莲子草与马齿苋 (0 .75 98) ,最小的杂草种对为天胡荽与鸡眼草 (0 .16 6 6 )The composition, dynamics and niche of main weeds in turf-weed community in 2 golf courses under subtropics during 2002/3-2003/3 were studied. Results showed that 59 weeds were determined which included 14 grasses species ,4 sedge species and 41 broad leaved species in turf-weed community in golf courses. Weed species which appeared Over 20% in plots of golf courses were Cyperus rotundus,Kyllinga brevifolia,Oxalis dellenii,Panicum repens,Eleusina indica,Paspalum conjugtum,Digitaria sanguinalis,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides,Setaria viridis,Alternantherta philoxeroides,Portulaca oleracea,Kummerowia striata and Viola japonica; Annual growth trend of the 13 main weed species was number declined during 1～3 months and growing quickly during April and October,but the dynamics was undulating,the number declining after October;Niches breadth of over 70% weed species in turf-weedncommunity of golf courses was about 0.7, the higher niches breadth among 13 weed species was Cyperus rotundus(0.9054), Kyllinga brevifolia, (0.8618)and Oxalis dellenii(0.8381),the lowest niches breadth among 13 weed species was Portulaca oleracea(0.3922); The highest niches overlap between Alternantherta philoxeroides and Portulaca oleracea(0.7598)in 13 weed species, the lowest niches overlap between Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and Kummerowia striata (0.1666).

关 键 词：高尔夫球场 杂草 动态 草坪-杂草群落 时间生态位 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]