应用外科方法建立幼犬牙槽裂模型的研究  

Alveolar Cleft Model Creation by Surgical Technique on Young Dogs

作　　者：梁立民[1] 柳春明[1] 宋儒耀[2] 侯敏[1] 马骁[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院口腔科,北京100853 [2]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学整形外科医院,北京100041

出　　处：《口腔颌面外科杂志》2004年第3期219-222,共4页Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

基　　金：解放军总医院科技成果转化基金(编号01YC12)

摘　　要：目的:通过外科手术建立与临床牙槽裂相似的动物模型，为牙槽裂的治疗研究提供实验材料。方法：8周龄杂种犬6只。制备牙槽裂模型：设计唇腭侧2个矩形粘骨膜瓣，切除自第一乳侧切牙远中至乳尖牙近中约7mm的牙槽骨段，两个粘骨膜包裹覆盖切骨创面。通过临床观察、连续X线、头颅干骨测量和组织学检查评价实验结果。结果：所有动物形成规则的牙槽裂，观察期间无自发骨性愈合。各标本裂隙宽度与手术切除宽度基本一致，缺隙两侧的牙齿萌出正常。骨缺损缘表面光滑，有皮质骨形成。X线摄片发现，裂隙边缘密度逐渐增高，类似骨皮质影像，未见新骨向裂隙区生长迹象。组织学发现，牙槽裂缘组织由外向内依次为粘膜鳞状上皮、粘膜下纤维组织、薄层纤维骨膜和骨组织。结论：本实验形成牙槽裂模型与临床情况接近，方法可靠，稳定性和重复性好。Objective: To establish a convenient and reliable animal model of cleft alveolus by surgical approach. Methods: The cleft alveolus model was made surgically in six 8-week mongrel dogs. Two longitudinal mucoperiosteal flaps were designed at both libial and palatal sides. A segmental bone, 7ram in length, from the first lateral deciduous tooth to the medial of the canine was excised. The raw bony surface was enveloped by the muscoperiosteal flaps. The results were evaluated clinically, radiographically, histologically and observed on dry skull. Results: In all experimental dogs, the clefts alveolus formed regularly after surgical procedure. No spontaneous bone healing occurred in any experimental animal. The width of cleft is the same as that of excising in all experimental dogs. The teeth adjacent to the cleft sprouted normally. The bone surface of the cleft was smooth, with cortical bone formed. X-ray films showed gradually increased bone density at the cleft edge. Histological sections manifested normal coverage of a thin layer of periosteum and squamous epithelium. Conclusion: The animal alveolar cleft model created surgically is similar,to the alveolar cleft in human, which is reliable and stable for further study.

关 键 词：牙槽裂 骨膜瓣 外科方法 粘膜 治疗 皮质骨 尖牙 发现 实验材料 动物 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生]