20世纪语言学理论的转向及其哲学背景——从索绪尔到布龙菲尔德到乔姆斯基  

20th Century Turns in Linguistic Theories and Their Philosophical Backgrounds——From Saussure to Bloomfield and Chomsky

作　　者：王健[1] 梁柏松[2] 

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院人文系 [2]常熟理工学院,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《常熟高专学报》2004年第5期91-95,共5页Journal of Changshu College

摘　　要：20世纪语言学理论经历了三次转向:从历史比较语言学到传统结构主义;从传统结构主义到美国描写结构主义,再到转换生成语法。在每次转向的背后都有着深刻的哲学背景。所谓结构主义其实是描绘人关于世界的思维方式,这种思维方式对结构极为关注;美国描写结构主义实际是站在逻辑实证主义的肩膀上;转换生成语法则带有笛卡尔、康德唯理主义的影子。In the twentieth century the theories of linguistics experienced turns three times:from historical comparative linguistics to traditional structuralism;then to the descriptive structuralism of United States;and last T.G. grammar.Behind every turn is its deep philosophical background.The so_called structuralism in fact describes the way of thinking concerning the world and this kind of thought paid enough attention to structures.The descriptive structuralism of United States stood on the shoulder of the logic_positivism.The transformational-generative grammar received influences from Descartes and Kant's mentalism.

关 键 词：语言学理论 转换生成语法 布龙菲尔德 乔姆斯基 索绪尔 历史比较语言学 描写 影子 实际 思维方式 

分 类 号：G633[文化科学—教育学] H0[语言文字—语言学]