川西亚高山人工云杉林和自然恢复演替系列的林地水文效应  

Woodland hydrological effects of spruce plantations and natural secondary series in sub-alpine region of western Sichuan

作　　者：张远东[1] 赵常明[1] 刘世荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2004年第6期761-768,共8页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家基础研究重点规划项目(2002CB111504);国家杰出青年基金项目(30125036);国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA510B06);国家林业局948项目(2001-14)

摘　　要：通过对人工云杉林及自然恢复演替系列林地苔藓、枯落物和土壤的野外调查与室内实验,分析了川西亚高山森林恢复过程中的林地水文效应。结果表明:林地苔藓及枯落物蓄积量随林龄增大而增加,最大持水量也相应增加。10a、30a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量和最大持水量都显著高于同龄的自然恢复类型;40a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量显著高于同龄的针阔混交林,但二者最大持水量之间差异并不显著。人工云杉林苔藓和枯落物的最大持水率均低于自然恢复演替系列。70a生人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物最大持水量之和已接近原始冷杉林。各类型林分土壤容重均随土壤深度增加而增大,最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量则降低。土壤0～40cm最大持水量在各林龄人工云杉林之间差异显著,但与恢复阶段没有关系,并不随林龄的增大而增加;在自然恢复演替系列之间差异不显著。人工云杉林地水文效应的增强快于自然恢复过程,表现在人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物蓄积量及最大持水量的增加快于自然恢复过程。Primary dark coniferous forests,dominated with firs and managed as a part of water con servation project in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,were cut on a large scale from 1950 to 1980 in sub alpine region of west Sichuan,spruces were planted on most cutover area and native tree species regenerated naturally at the same time.The cumulated mass (CM) of moss and litters and the maximal water holding capacity (MWHC) of moss,litters and soil were measured by field investigation and soaking experiment to analyze the hydrological effects of spruce plantations with different ages and natural secondary series in sub alpine forest of west Sichuan.The result shows that MWHC of moss and litters,along with their CM,increases with the increment of forest age in spruce plantations and natural secondary series.CM and MWHC of moss and litters in 10 years and 30 years' old plantations are significantly higher than those in natural secondary series with same age.CM of moss and litters in 40 years' old spruce plantations are also significantly higher than those in natural mixed forest with same age,but MWHC between them are not significantly different.The maximal water holding rates (MWHR) of moss and litters in spruce plantations are lower than those in natural secondary series.After 70 years' restoration,the sum of MWHC between moss and litters in spruce plantation has been close to that in primitive fir forests.In all spruce plantations and natural secondary series,soil bulk density increases with the increment of soil depth,while MWHC,capillary water holding capacity (CWHC) and least water holding capacity (LWHC) decrease.MWHC of soil in 0～40cm depths are significantly different among spruce plantations with different ages,but the differences are not related with their ages and MWHC of soil don't increase along with the increment of ages.There are not significant differences in soil 0～40cm MWHC among natural secondary series.Hydrological effects of spruce plantations increase faster than those in natural secondary

关 键 词：水文效应 人工云杉林 自然恢复演替系列 苔藓 枯落物 最大持水量 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]