北京市城乡限定地区人群视力损害和社会经济因素关系的调查  

Visual impairment and socioeconomic factors in define-based population in Beijing

作　　者：陈建华[1] 徐亮[1] 王研[1] 孙葆忱[1] 崔彤彤[1] 胡爱莲[1] 郑远远[1] 李建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院,北京市眼科研究所,北京100730

出　　处：《眼科》2004年第6期360-364,共5页Ophthalmology in China

摘　　要：目的 :调查北京市城乡 4 0岁以上限定人群视力损害与社会经济因素的关系 ,有助于为政府制定防盲干预计划提供有关的信息。方法 :按WHO的视力损害标准 ,对北京市南部郊区榆垡和北京市区北部计八个社区 4 0岁以上人群 ,用逐户上门登记的方法进行最佳矫正视力的检查和最初引起视力损害病因的确定。符合条件的人群进行系统的眼科检查 ,包括视功能检查和眼形态学检查。分析视力损害与年龄、性别、地区、职业、文化程度和经济状况的关系。结果 :5 32 4人入选 ,实查4 4 5 1人 ,应答率农村为 79 37% ,城市为 87 15 %。受检者年龄 4 0～ 10 1岁 ,视力损害的患病率是 1 5 7% ,其中 5 6 5 %是女性。视力损害组平均年龄为 (70 19± 13 33)岁 ,其中 5 7/ 70 (81 4 3% )年龄在 6 0岁以上。非视力损害组平均年龄为 (5 5 99±10 4 4 )岁 ,两组比较有非常显著性差异 (t=12 5 36 ,P =0 0 0 0 1)。结论 :与视力损害有关的因素为高龄、低文化程度、无职业、农民和工人、低经济收入、农村地区和女性。因此 ,应在 6 0岁以上年龄、低教育程度、低收入和农村地区加强眼病的保健、宣传和防治工作 ,以降低视力损害的患病率 ,提高视力损害者的生活质量。Objective:To investigate the information about socioeconomic factors associated with visual impairment can assist in the design of intervention programmes.Methods:The Beijing Eye Study was a population based study of the permanent residents aged 40 years or older in rural and urban areas in Beijing.An extensive eye examination was provided for eligible residents.Variables of this analysis were age,sex,areas,education level,use of health insurance and employment status.Visual impairment was defined as the best corrected visual acuity <0.3 and / or visual field constricted to within 10° of fixation.Results:A total of 4451 residents participated.Participants ranged in age from 40 to 101 years; 56.5% were females.Seventy were classified as visually impairment due to loss of visual acuity and /or visual field.Of the 70 visuallly impaired people,57(81.43%) were aged 60 years of age and over.To evaluate the independent association of significant sociodemographic variables with visual impairment,a regression model was constructed including age,sex,use of health insurance,educational level and economic status.The results showed that ≥70 years old,less educational level,employment status,lower incomes and rural areas were the significant predictors of visual impairment,with the mean age of people with visual impairment (70.19±13.33) compared with people without visual impairment (55.99±10.44) (t value=12.536; P=0.000).Conclusion:The results indicate that elder groups,less educational levels,employment status,lower incomes,rural areas and females were the most significant factors associated with visual impairment.With the aging of the population ,the number of people affected by visual impairment will increase significantly.Intervention programmes need to be established before the onset of middle age to offset the escalation of visual impairment in the older population.

关 键 词：视力损害/流行病学 患病率 社会经济因素 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]