同时线索化条件下儿童返回抑制的容量  

Children's Capacity of IOR in Simultaneous Cueing Processes

作　　者：衣琳琳[1] 苏彦捷[1] 王甦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2004年第3期1-5,共5页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地(北京师范大学发展心理学研究所)基金资助(01JAZJDXLX002).

摘　　要：返回抑制是对先前注意过的目标再次做出反应的时候反应时延长的一种现象。返回抑制具有一定的生物学意义,忽略已经注意过的位置(或客体),使得有机体可以更加有效的注意新的内容。基于这一点,返回抑制现象应该可以在多个已经注意过的位置出现,这便是返回抑制的容量问题。在本研究中,采用同时呈现的线索化方式,考查8岁、10岁儿童在不同的实验任务———觉察任务和辨别任务———中的返回抑制容量。结果发现觉察任务中,10岁组儿童和8岁组儿童最多在5个线索化位置上出现返回抑制,但8岁年龄组的返回抑制容量缺乏稳定;辨别任务中,10岁年龄组只在一个位置上出现返回抑制,而8岁年龄组并没有明显返回抑制现象出现。年龄因素和任务类型对儿童返回抑制容量都产生了一定程度的影响。Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a stable psychological phenomenon with delayed responses to the targets presented in the recently cued locations. By ignoring the previously attended locations or objects, human beings are able to pay more attention to novel stimuli, which enables limited attention resource to be used effectively. With such a biological meaning, it is reasonable to expect IOR appear at multiple cued locations. In the current research, IOR following simultaneous presentation of several location cues are studies in 8-year-old and 10-year-old children in both detection and discrimination tasks. These data suggest that in detection task both the children at the age of 8 and 10 show IOR at up to 5 cued locations, while the younger group do not perform as stably as the older one. In discrimination task, 10-year-old children show IOR at only one location, and no IOR can be see in 8-year-old children. Two experimental tasks do different work on this inhibition effect.

关 键 词：同时线索化条件 儿童心理学 返回抑制 容量 任务类型 年龄 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]