普通长翼蝠福建亚种不同行为状态下回声定位声波研究  

Difference among Echolocation Calls of Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes during Different States

作　　者：刘颖[1] 冯江[1] 陈敏[1] 张喜臣[1] 李振新[1] 周江[2] 张树义[3] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境科学系,长春130024 [2]贵州师范大学生物系,贵阳550000 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《兽类学报》2004年第4期293-297,共5页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070108)

摘　　要：普通长翼蝠福建亚种为中国的地方性亚种。采用超声波监听仪和Batsound3 10软件对其回声定位声波进行录制和分析,发现回声定位声波为中等长度的FM型,伴有1～2个谐波,声波主频率为49 35±4 24kHz,一次完整声波的声脉冲时间为3 46±1 63ms,两次声波间的声脉冲间隔为96 09±33 84ms。分析表明,普通长翼蝠福建亚种在飞行和手持状态下的回声定位声波声脉冲时间均小于其悬挂状态,飞行状态下声脉冲间隔时间是各种状态中较小的,而飞行状态下回声定位声波的主频率则为所有状态中最高的,说明蝙蝠在飞行中要面临复杂的环境,辨别较多的障碍物,因此利用高频率声波进行回声定位,才能实现灵活复杂的飞行。Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes is one of the local subspecies of China and the echolocation calls were distinct from other species'.By analyzing the echolocation calls of the bats at different states, it was concluded that the echolocation calls were markedly different at different states, so that the bats could adapt to the different flying styles, foraging strategies and the body size of insects. The echolocation calls were recorded with Ultrasound Detector (D980, ULTRASOUND DETECTOR, Pettersson Elektronik AB, Sweden). The sound spectrograms (frequency-time spectrograms) and the power spectra (intensity-frequency spectra) were analyzed by using Batsound 3.10 (Pettersson Elektronik AB, Sweden). The parameters included pulse duration, interpulse interval (the time from one pulse ending to the next one beginning), dominant frequency, starting frequency of 1st harmonic and the terminal frequency of 1st harmonic. The echolocation calls were FM signals with 1-2 harmonics. The dominant frequency of calls was 49.35±4.24　kHz. The pulse duration of one complete sound was 3.46±1.63　ms, and the interpulse interval was 96.09±33.84　ms. The duty cycle is 3.5%. The echolocation calls of Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes at 3 different states were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA of SPSS11.5. The pulse durations of the bats during flying and holding were shorter than those during hanging and the interpulse interval during hanging was the shortest of 3 different states, while the dominant frequency during flying was the highest. Bats would face more complex environment and distinguish much more barriers when they were flying, so they use echolocation calls with short pulse duration and high dominant frequency to fly agilely.

关 键 词：普通长翼蝠福建亚种 中国 行为状态 回声定位声波 飞行 手持状态 

分 类 号：Q959.833[生物学—动物学]