阿尔茨海默病患者皮肤基底细胞微管的初步观察  

An investigation on changes of microtubule in skin basal cells in patients with Alzheimer′s disease

作　　者：查彩慧[1] 肖计划[2] 郭国庆[3] 贾艳滨[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市儿童医院,510120 [2]暨南大学医学院精神病学教研室 [3]暨南大学医学院解剖学教研室

出　　处：《上海精神医学》2004年第5期274-276,共3页Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 95 70 2 67);广东省自然科学基金( 99M0 470 3G)资助项目

摘　　要：目的　观察阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer′sdisease ,AD)患者皮肤基底细胞微管结构的变化。方法　用透射电镜对 7例AD患者背部皮肤组织的超微结构进行观察 ,并进行定量分析。结果　对照组基底细胞的胞核大 ,卵圆形 ,占细胞的大部分 ,胞质内含有丰富的游离核糖体 ,线粒体较多无肿胀 ,粗面内质网较少 ,高尔基复合体不发达 ,胞质中有较多的黑素颗粒 ,可见较丰富的微管 ,其横切面为中空的圆形或椭圆形结构 ,纵切面为中空而无分支的圆柱状结构 ,常分布于胞核周围 ,并呈放射状伸向细胞质。AD组微管较对照组减少 ,每个基底细胞可观察到 0～ 3个横切微管 ,纵切微管和微丝少见 ,微管偶有肿胀 ;细胞内核糖体、线粒体数量减少 ,线粒体肿胀。定量分析结果显示 ,对照组皮肤基底细胞微管的数量为 (3.6 2± 0 .6 7)个 /细胞 ,而AD组为 (1.0 6± 0 .98)个 /细胞 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　AD患者皮肤基底细胞的微管存在结构的破坏 ,其数量明显减少 ,这种改变可能间接反映神经组织的病理改变 ,并有助于AD的诊断。Objective: To observe changes of microtubule in skin basal cells in patients with Alzheimer′s disease. Methods: The back skins in patients with Alzheimer′s disease were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and quantitatively analyzed. Results: In the control group, the nucleus of basal cells were large ellipse and occupied a large area of the cell, and there were many free ribosomes and melanin graules, fewer rough endoplasmic reticulums and Golgi complexes. Normal mitochondria were also seen. Many microtubules distributed around the nucleus, and were just like hollow round shape in transversal section, and hollow cast in longitudinal section. Microtubules in patients with Alzheimer′s disease were fewer than those in the control group, and each basal cell had only 0～3 microtubules. Swollen microtubules and mitochondria appeared. The quantitative analysis showed the number of microtubules was 3.62±0.67 in one basal cell in the control group, and 1.06±0.98 in Alzheimer′s disease group. There was significant difference between 2 groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The construction of microtubule in skin basal cells in patients with Alzheimer′s disease was destroyed and the number was decreased. These changes may reflect the abnormal changes of nerve tissues indirectly and be helpful to the diagnosis of AD.

关 键 词：皮肤基底细胞 微管 患者 观察 对照组 肿胀 阿尔茨海默病 反映 存在 丰富 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]