农村社区儿童口腔健康状况的调查研究  

Oral health survey and analysis for the rural children

作　　者：杨城[1] 卞金有[1] 王伟健[1] 王春娃[1] 朱文昊[1] 黄瑞哲[2] 韩晓兰[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学口腔医学院,100081 [2]西安交通大学口腔医学院 [3]安徽医科大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《现代口腔医学杂志》2004年第4期351-354,共4页Journal of Modern Stomatology

摘　　要：目的　调查农村地区儿童与青少年口腔健康状况 ,为开展农村社区口腔保健项目制订相应对策。方法　采用随机分层、整群抽样的方法 ,抽取两个省的二个乡镇社区 1～ 12岁儿童及 15岁、18岁青少年共计 2 793名。采用WHO的基本调查方法进行龋病与牙周病患病状况的调查 ,分析学龄前无龋儿童与高龋儿童 (龋均 >3)的分布状况 ,以及调查青少年的牙周健康状况 ,评价疾病的分布范围与严重程度 ,以便确定干预的重点。结果　学龄前儿童乳牙患龋水平很高 ,6岁儿童患龋率为 72 .9% ,龋均 3.6 4 ;其中无龋儿童为 2 7.15 % ,高龋儿童 5 2 .2 % ,97%的龋未经治疗。 7～ 12岁儿童乳牙患龋率随年龄增长逐年下降 ,至 12岁仍有乳牙龋残留。恒牙患龋水平很低 ,12岁患龋率 2 1% ,龋均 0 .38,95 %未经治疗。青少年软垢指数为中等水平 ,口腔卫生状况普遍较差 ,牙龈炎与牙石严重 ,浅牙周袋很少 ,无深牙周袋 ,未发现牙周炎问题。结论　农村儿童乳牙龋患严重 ,恒牙龋水平很低 ,大多数龋未经治疗。口腔卫生状况较差 ,牙龈炎、牙石严重。发展农村社区保健项目 ,初级口腔卫生保健应是重点。Objective To investigate oral health status of the rural children and adolescents in order to provide the scientific evidence to formulate an appropriate strategy for improving their oral health levels.Methods A randomized,stratified and clustering sampling procedure was used in 2793 of children and adolescents at the age groups of 1 to 12,15,and 18 years old in two rural communities at the township level of two provinces.The examination of dental caries and periodontal diseases was carried out by using WHO basic methods and analysis of the distribution among caries free children and high caries children and to assess the range and severity of dental diseases in order to identify the priorities for the intervention.Results Dental caries level was very high in preschool children.The prevalence rate was 72.9% ,and mean dmft 3.64 at the age of 6,in which 27.15% of caries was free,and 52.2% of high caries.Ninety seven percentof caries was untreated.Dental caries in primary dentition was gradually reduced by aging from 7 to 12 years old,and it still exists at the 12 years old.Dental caries in permanent teeth was very low,and the prevalence rate was 21% ,mean DMFT 0.38 at the 12 years old, 95% of caries was untreated.The soft debris index was at the moderate level,and oral hygiene was rather poor.The bleeding and calculus was rather severe in the adolescents.The shallow pockets were very low and no deep pockets were identified.Conclusion Dental caries in primary dentition of the rural children was very severe.The caries level in the permanent teeth was very low,and most of caries were untreated.Oral hygiene was rather poor,gingivitis and calculus were serious,and the priority should be given to the development of primary oral health care for the rural children.

关 键 词：治疗 儿童 口腔健康状况 患龋率 龋均 严重 口腔卫生状况 水平 分布状况 发现 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]