对性别助长假设的初步验证:在场观众的性别影响作业效绩吗?  

Testing the Sex Facilitation Hypothesis: Does the Gender of the Audience Really Influence Task Performance?

作　　者：李朝旭 [1] 莫雷 [2] Feng Wenlu  

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学教育科学学院心理学系,曲阜,273165 [2]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州,510631 [3]Department of Management Studies, School of Business, Centennial College, Ontario, M1K 5E9

出　　处：《心理科学》2004年第6期1400-1403,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：为了检验金盛华于 1 989年提出的“性别助长假设” ,采用现场实验探讨观众魅力对性别助长效应的干涉作用。 32个中专学生 (男女各半 )在 4种观众条件下测试BAH时间。结果表明 ,观众条件对女性被试的作业效绩无影响 ;而高魅力异性观众的在场能助长男性被试的效绩 ,而低魅力的异性观众在场会削弱其效绩。因此 ,性别助长效应受到诸多因素 (如被试的性别、观众的魅力 )的干涉 ,男性易出现助长现象 ,且高魅力的异性观众才对作业效绩具有助长作用。This field experiment was conducted in order to test th e Sex Facilitat ion Hypothesis proposed by Jin & Zhang (1995). The authors attempted to discover if audience attractiveness plays a moderating role in the effect. 16 male and 1 6 female secondary specialized school students underwent a BAH exami nation under 4 conditions. The results indicated that audience conditions had no effect on the females' performance, while the presence of an attractive opposit e-sex au dience could facilitate a male's task performance, and the presence of an unattr active opposite-audience can impair his performance. Therefore, sex facilitation was a phenomenon caused by multiple moderators such as gender of Ss, and attractive ness of audience. Males were found to be more subject to being facilitated than females, and only attractive opposite-sex audience had facilitating effect.

关 键 词：性别助长假设 在场观众 作业效绩 社会助长 自我展示 印象管理 异性效应 观众效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]