青海对流云数值模拟分析  

Study of Convective Clouds in Qinghai Province

作　　者：房文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京气象学院 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科技》2004年第5期343-347,共5页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题"人工增雨技术研究及示范"(2001BA610A06)资助

摘　　要：利用中国气象科学研究院三维对流云模式和2002年青海省河南县秋季外场试验取得的资料,进行了数值模拟试验。该地区秋季对流云降水主要为冷云降水,暖雨过程不易启动。降雨主要是由于霰落入暖层融化,雨水的蒸发是雨水减少的主要机制。霰在降水的产生中发挥了重要作用。霰的生成又与冰晶密切相关。冰晶是霰的主要来源,而且也是霰生长的主要因素。初始的霰粒主要由冰霰自动转化生成,而较少由雨滴冻结生成。霰胚通过收集过冷云水和冰晶与霰的碰并又促进了霰的进一步生长。冰晶的生成主要是由于自然冰核的核化,因此,自然冰核的数浓度对整个降水过程都有影响。霰是云中过冷水消耗的主要因素。On the basis of data obtained from the autumn field experiment in Henan County of Qinghai Province and the 3D cloud model of CAMS, the natural cloud development processes were studied. The results show that the precipitation in the experiment areas was mainly determined by cold cloud raining processes and resulted from the melting of graupels into the warm layer; rain water evaporation is the main mechanism of rain water decrease; graupels play an important role in precipitation and their formation is closely related to ice crystals. Ice crystals are the main sources of graupels, which are produced mainly by auto conversion from ice crystal to graupel and a few grow by collection of ice crystals. AgI seeding should be done before ice nucleus largely activated, so rain enhancement can be improved by increasing ice crystals and decreasing super cool water.

关 键 词：对流云 冰晶 冰核 冷云降水 云模式 降水过程 气象科学 秋季 生长 河南县 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P481