人工湿地植物根区微生物与净化效果的季节变化  

Seasonal Variation of Macrophytes Root-zone Microorganisms and Purification Effect in the Constructed Wetland System

作　　者：梁威[1] 吴振斌[1] 詹发萃[1] 邓家齐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态和生物技术国家重点实验室

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2004年第4期312-317,共6页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(39925007)中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-SW-102)联合资助.

摘　　要：人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点.近年来越来越受到人们的重视.人工湿地生态系统受环境影响较大,研究人工湿地在不同季节的净化功能对于充分发挥其作用具有重要意义.对不同季节的芦苇(Phragmite saus-tralis)、茭白(Zizania caduciflora)和香蒲(Typha latifolia)等湿地系统植物根区、无植物对照基质微生物分布状况以及净化效果进行了研究,结果显示:(1)种植不同植物的湿地系统根区微生物数量不同,其湿地净化效果也不同;(2)季节变化显示湿地系统秋季的细菌总数量比夏季高;但对照系统夏季的真菌和放线菌数量明显高于秋季;(3)湿地系统总磷(TP)的去除率夏季高于秋季;(4)相关性分析发现湿地植物根区的细菌总数与BOD5的去除率之间存在显著相关性;而根区微生物数量与TP、CODCr和凯氏氮(KN)的去除率之间不存在显著相关性,具体机理还需进一步研究.Constructed wetland systems are increasingly used to treat domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff in recent years. The wetland treatment process has been gaining international interests and applications due to its low maintenance and operational cost, and high removal capacity. Because environment has significant effects on the purification ability of constructed wetland systems, it is very necessary to study purification effects of constructed wetland systems in different seasons. In the paper, seasonal variation of the distributions of microorganism in the root-zones of wetland plants ( Phragmites australis, Zizania caduciflora, Typha latifolia etc. ); the substrate layers of control SSPs, together with the effects of wastewater treatment were studied. The results are as follows: (Ⅰ) the numbers of microorganisms in the different plant root-zones were different; the purification effects were also different. (Ⅱ) The numbers of bacteria in the fall were higher than those in the summer for the three plant zones and the control, and the number of fungi and actinomyces in summer was much higher than that in the fall for control. (Ⅲ) TP removal showed a higher efficiency in summer than that in fall. (Ⅳ) Significant positive correlation between total number of bacteria in the wetland plant root-zones and removal rate of BOD5 was found; while no significant correlation between root-zone microorganisms and removal rates of TP, CODcr and KN were detected. The mechanism resulting in the above results remains to be further researched.

关 键 词：人工湿地 湿地系统 净化效果 去除率 凯氏氮 COD 污水处理系统 秋季 夏季 微生物数量 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]