全国作物种植结构快速调查技术与应用  

A Method for Crop Planting Structure Inventory and its Application

作　　者：吴炳方[1] 范锦龙[1] 田亦陈[1] 李强子[1] 张磊[1] 刘兆礼[2] 张广录[3] 何隆华[4] 黄进良[5] 江晓波[6] 颜长珍[7] 许安[8] 张维奇[9] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130021 [3]中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所,石家庄050021 [4]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [5]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,武汉4300077 [6]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610040 [7]中国科学院兰州寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [8]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640 [9]南昌大学,南昌330029

出　　处：《遥感学报》2004年第6期618-627,共10页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：科技部国家十五科技攻关课题:农业信息资源开发与共享技术研究(2001BA513B02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:全球农作物遥感估产研究(KZCX2313)

摘　　要：现有种植结构的分析都是基于统计数据 ,时效性低及精度差 ,难以及时为各级政府部门提供决策支持。以“中国农情遥感速报系统”使用的GVG农情采样系统和样条采样框架为基础 ,提出了快速获取全国农作物种植结构的技术方法 ,并以 2 0 0 2年为例 ,开展全国夏粮和秋粮种植结构的调查与现状分析。全国夏粮的粮经比例为 5 8%∶2 1% ,秋粮的粮经比例为 79%∶14 % ,粮食作物仍然占有较大的比例。调查表明 ,全国范围的种植结构在时间和空间上变化很大。黑龙江省的大豆种植成数最高 ,达到38% ,是中国的大豆主产区 ;吉林和辽宁两省的春玉米种植成数相差不大 ,高达 71% ;黄淮海地区夏粮以种植冬小麦为主 ,种植成数高达 97% (河北省 ) ,秋粮以夏玉米为主 ,种植成数高达 82 % (河南 ) ;以长江为界 ,冬小麦和油料在长江南北的种植成数变化很大 ,长江以北冬小麦与油料并重 ,以南以油料为主。秋粮则以中晚稻为主 ,种植成数均超过 6 6 % ;华南夏粮和秋粮均以水稻为主 ,其中广东的蔬菜瓜果的种植成数高达 2 9% ;西南地区的秋粮以中稻和夏玉米为主 ,其中云南省的棉麻糖的种植成数高达19% ,说明云南省仍然是中国的烟草大省。经济发达或邻近经济发达地区的省份的蔬菜瓜果的种植成数较大 ,如天津市高达 34%。Usually crop planting structure derived from the statistical data are quite later due to time consuming of statistic method. The government normally needs the crop planting structure as early as possible, better if it can be obtained during the crop season, so that it allows the government has enough time to make decision for next crop season. This paper presents a fast inventory method of crop planting structure, based on the GVG instrument and transect sampling framework. Then crop planting structure inventory for summer and autumn crop over China in 2002 have been carried out. It is found that the rate of cereal to cash crop within summer crop is 58%: 21%, and that of autumn crop 79%: 14%. It is very obvious that cereal crops still account on very high proportion in the crop structure. According to surveyed results, the difference of crop planting structure over China varies temporally and spatially great. The soybean proportion of Hei Longjiang province ranks first, up to 38%, and Hei Longjiang is main producing area of soybean in China. Jilin and Liaoning provinces almost have the same proportion of spring maize, more than 71%. Winter wheat is a major crop of summer crop in the Huanghuihai area, in which the winter wheat proportion of Hebei province is more than 97%, and summer maize is a major crop of autumn crop, in which the summer maize proportion of Henan province is up to 82%. On the two sides of the Yangtse River there exists very big change of crop proportion between winter wheat and oil rapeseeds. On the north side of Yangtse River, winter wheat and oil rapeseeds almost have the same rank, but on the south side of Yangtse River oil rapeseeds ranks first in the summer season, and middle rice and later rice are the major crops of autumn crop, more than 66%. Rice is major crop of summer and autumn crop in the southern China, and in which the proportion of vegetable and fruit of Guangdong province is up to 29%. Middle rice and summer maize are the major crops of autumn crop in the southwest region, in w

关 键 词：种植结构 调查 GVG 样条采样框架 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]