涕灭威在土壤溶液中的降解研究  

Degradation of Aldicarb in a Soil and Its Extracted Solution

作　　者：徐建[1] 袁旭[1] 戴树桂[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2004年第6期1168-1171,共4页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(29837170)

摘　　要：本实验室中采用离心方法获取土壤溶液,研究了氨基甲酸酯类农药涕灭威在土壤和土壤溶液中的降解,以及阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和腐植酸(HA)对其降解的影响。结果表明,涕灭威的降解过程可以用一级动力学方程来描述。SDBS可以加速涕灭威在土壤和土壤溶液中的降解,一级反应动力学常数K值随着SDBS浓度的增加而增大。对HA来说,在土壤中,当HA的浓度范围在1.0～10g·kg-1时,对涕灭威的降解起促进作用,当HA浓度达到20g·kg-1时就产生抑制。总的来说,K随着HA浓度的增加而降低。1.0～20g·kg-1的HA对土壤溶液中涕灭威的降解是起到促进作用。当土壤中HA浓度在1.0～10g·kg-1时K值随着HA浓度的增加而增大,但是当HA浓度达到20g·kg-1时,K开始减小。通过比较土壤和土壤溶液中涕灭威的降解速率常数K可知,涕灭威在土壤溶液中的降解速率明显快于在土壤中的降解,这也可以从涕灭威在土水分配系数Kp的变化趋势中看出来。In the present investigation, we studied degradation of aldicarb in both soil and the soil solution, as well as the influence of humus (HA) and an anionic surfactant - sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate (SDBS) - on aldicarb degradation. The result showed that the degradation process could be described by the first- order kinetics. SDBS could accelerate the degradation both in soil and in soil solution, and the first- order kinetic rate constant (k) increased with the increasing concentration of SDBS. In the soil, with HA concentration ranging from 1.0 to 10 g· kg- 1, the degradation was enhanced, however, HA inhibited the degradation when its concentration was up to 20 g· kg- 1. On the whole, k decreased with the increasing concentration of HA in soil. In soil solution, HA accelerated the degradation of aldicarb, k increased with the increasing concentration of HA when HA concentration ranged from 1～ 10 g· kg- 1. But k began to decline when HA concentration was up to 20 g· kg- 1. By comparison of k in soil and in soil solution, it could be concluded that aldicarb in soil solution degraded faster than in soil.

关 键 词：涕灭威 土壤 土壤溶液 阴阳离子表面活性剂SDBS 腐植酸 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学]