大宝山矿区周围土壤重金属污染分布特征研究  

Distribution and Characteristics of Heavy Metals Contaminations in Soils from Dabaoshan Mine Area

作　　者：周建民[1] 党志[1] 司徒粤[1] 刘丛强[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510640 [2]中科院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2004年第6期1172-1176,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：广东省环保局科技研究开发项目(2001-27);广东省科技厅重大专项项目(2004A30308002);环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放基金。

摘　　要：对广东大宝山矿矿区周围尾矿、土壤/沉积物中重金属的总量和化学形态进行了详细研究。结果表明,该矿区周围土壤污染是以Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb为主的多金属复合污染,综合污染指数为0.89～32.34。污灌稻田土中重金属Cu、Zn、As和Cd的平均浓度分别达560.91、1135.08、218.07和2.453mg·kg-1,远远超出了土壤环境二级标准值,最大超标倍数分别为20.09、10.37、18.36和10.23。对土壤中重金属的化学形态研究发现:Cu、Zn和Cd的水提取态和EDTA提取态含量较高,其生物可利用性高,对周围生态系统有较大的潜在危害,而As的2种提取态和Pb的水提取态含量均很低,其潜在危害相对较小。同时还发现,土壤水溶态和EDTA提取态重金属含量与土壤pH值呈明显负相关关系。Total contents and chemical species of heavy metals in tailings and soils/sediments in a vicinity of Dabaoshan mine, Guangdong province, were depicted in details by using two different approaches, i.e., total content and chemical extraction. The results showed that environmental pollutants in the mine area were Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Pb related multi- metal compounds. The pollution index (PI) for the studied soils was in a range of 0.89～ 32.34. The paddy fields irrigated with Hengshi River have been found to be seriously contaminated by the heavy metals, too. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, As and Cd were 560.91, 1135.08, 218.07 and 2.453 mg· kg- 1, respectively, far exceeding the recommended Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, beyond the recommended standard as high as 20.09, 10.37, 18.36 and 10.23 times, respectively. Chemical extraction results demonstrated that the extractable amounts of Cu, Zn and Cd extracted with water and EDTA, respectively, which were available for plants, were higher. However, the amounts of As extracted with water and EDTA and Pb extracted with water were low. At the same time, the negative correlation between soil pH value and extractable contents of various heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb was also found in the present study.

关 键 词：矿区 重金属污染 化学形态 分布特征 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]