月壤的物理和机械性质  

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LUNAR REGOLITH

作　　者：郑永春[1] 欧阳自远[1] 王世杰[1] 邹永廖[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《矿物岩石》2004年第4期14-19,共6页Mineralogy and Petrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.40473036);中国科学知识创新工程项目(编号:KZCX2-115);863-703项目(No.2004AA735020)

摘　　要：　月壤是在O2、水、风和生命活动都不存在的情况下,由陨石和微陨石撞击、宇宙射线和太阳风轰击、月表温差导致岩石热胀冷缩破碎等因素的共同作用下形成的。月壤独特的形成过程,加上独特的月表环境,使月壤在粒度分布、颗粒形态、颗粒比重、孔隙比和孔隙率、电性和电磁性质、压缩性、抗剪性、承载力等方面均与地球土壤存在较大差异,这些参数的平均值和最佳估计值,可以作为月表机械设计和操作、宇航员装备设计、月球着陆场选址的主要依据,对月球资源开发和利用以及月球基地建设具有极其重要的意义。The lunar surface is almost completely covered by a dark gray layer of debris, lunar regolith, with thicknesses in the range of 2 meters to 20 meters. It is created by meteorite and micrometeorite impacts, high diurnal (day/night) temperature difference, solar wind and cosmic ray bombardment.The surface layer consists of crushed bedrock, fine-grained rock and mineral fragments, meteorite residuals, polymict regolith breccias, and fused glass. Thus the loose regolith layer is ready-to-excavate mineral product, which is not necessary to drill and blast. The special formation process of lunar regolith leads to different properties from soils on the earth. This paper listed the average and best estimated value of physical and mechanical parameters at Luna and Apollo landing sites. These parameters are particle size distribution, particle shape, specific gravity, porosity and void ratio, electric conductivity and electromagnetic parameters, coefficient of compressibility, bearing capacity and shear strength. These parameters are significant for the design and operation of engineering equipment, lunar base siting and construction, and resource utilization.

关 键 词：月壤 太阳风 地球 月球 宇宙射线 电性 岩石 物理 热胀冷缩 情况 

分 类 号：P184[天文地球—天文学] G633[文化科学—教育学]