鄱阳湖水环境承载力分析  

Analisis on Carrying Capacity of Water Environment of Poyang Lake

作　　者：鄢帮有[1] 谭晦如[2] 邢久生 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]江西省科学院,江西南昌330029 [3]江西省水文局,江西南昌330002

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2004年第6期931-935,共5页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

摘　　要：从水环境承载力概念出发,首先选择适应模型,依据现有资料数据设定边界条件,定量分析计算出鄱阳湖主要污染物水环境容量是:按国家Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水标准COD分别为768288.5t/a、1576982.5t/a;TP分别为7161.2t/a、TP14322.4t/a;TN分别为143224t/a、286448t/a。继而分析了鄱阳湖水环境系统调节能力:洪水调节能力对五大河最大入流量一次洪水调蓄量为(74～246)×108m3,调蓄率为16%～60%,年均34%。严重洪涝灾害发生频率16%,防洪体系承载力弱,安全度低。为维持生态平衡生态需水量(枯水期)为(29.9～53)×108m3;水土流失和土地风沙化尚未有效控制,经济、社会、环境发展协调度不高,生态环境成本达19.85×108元,占GDP比重达10.56%。A proper model was selected to analyze quantitatively the capacities of water environment of Poyang Lake for accommodating several main pollutants on the basis of the existing data. The results show that the maximum capacities of COD, TP and TN are 768288.5t/a, 7161.2t/a and 143224t/a respectively by taking the second-class national water standard as reference and they are 1576982.5t/a, 14322.4t/a and 286448t/a respectively by taking the third-class national water standard as reference. The paper further analyzes the system adjusting capacity of water environment of Poyang Lake with the following results. The flood adjusting amount for the five upper rivers of Poyang Lake at their maximum inflow reaches (74～246)×10~8 m^3. The flood adjusting rate is about 16%～60% with its annual average adjusting rate of 34%. The occurrence of serious flooding disaster of Poyang Lake is 16%. The carrying capacity of the flooding-proof system of the lake region is relatively low. About (29.9～53)×10~8 m^3 water in the dry season is needed for maintaining the ecological functions of the lake. The water and soil erosion, and land desertizition in the lake region are not under control. The ecological and environmental cost reaches 19.85×10~8 Yuan/a, which occupies 10.56% of GDP of the Poyang Lake region. In a word, the economic, social and environmental development coordinating level of the Poyang Lake region is low.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 水环境 承载力 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]