高静水压处理水稻诱导稳定遗传变异系的DNA分析  

Molecular Analysis of Stable Mutagenesis Rice Cultivar Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

作　　者：申斯乐[1] 徐世平[2] 翁克难[2] 谭梅[3] 张剑锋[4] 龙国徽[4] 贾晓鹏[1] 池元斌[1] 刘宝[3] 邹广田[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学超硬材料国家重点实验室 [2]中国科学院广东地球化学研究所 [3]东北师范大学生命科学学院 [4]吉林大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2004年第4期289-294,共6页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究项目(001CB711201);国家自然科学基金(30070426);吉林大学创新基金

摘　　要：用高压手段诱变水稻品种"毕粳38",产生了两个稳定的可遗传的变异:变异1,植株分蘖减少,成熟期较原种提早20d;变异2,植株变高,分蘖增加,籽粒变长,类似于籼稻。对原种及两个变异进行了ISSR及RAPD分析,结果显示原种及两个变异在ISSR和RAPD的检测中多态性明显,分别为28.57%和45.98%。变异2的变异大于变异1;ISSR检测中原种与变异1的平均绝对距离系数为0.0303,与变异2的平均绝对距离系数为0.2613。RAPD检测中原种与变异1的平均绝对距离系数0.0845,与变异2的平均绝对距离系数为0.4167。研究结果表明:高静水压可以对高等植物的种子进行诱变,产生在表型上及DNA分子水平上均可稳定遗传的变异。研究结果首次从DNA分子水平上证明高静水压处理可以产生变异。继各种化学制剂、各种射线诱变等方法之后,高压不失为一种行之有效的新诱变方法。By using high hydrostatic pressure treatment,two genetically stable rice lines were obtained from the japonica rice cultivar Bijing 38.Mutant 1 is characterized by its lower segregation frequency and 20 d less of maturation period than the original cultivar.Mutant 2 is characterized by its significantly increased height,increased tillering efficiency and elongated kernels which is similar to what has been seen for indica rice.ISSR and RAPD analyses of these two mutants and the original cultivar revealed that there exists significant genetic variation between the two mutants and the original cultivar,each with 28.57% and 45.98% polymorphic bands respectively.The genetic diversity in Mutant 2 is significantly higher than in Mutant 1.ISSR analysis indicated that the mean absolute distance coefficient between the original cultivar and the Mutant 1 is 0.030 3,while that between the original cultivar and the Mutant 2 is 0.261 3.RAPD analysis demonstrated that the mean absolute distance coefficient between the original cultivar and the Mutant 1 is 0.084 5,while that between the original cultivar and the Mutant 2 is 0.416 7.These studies have provided strong evidence that high hydrostatic pressure could induce mutagenesis during seed germination and the phenotypes,and genetic traits can be stably passed on to the progeny.This is the first time we have shown at molecular level that treatment by high hydrostatic pressure can induce genetically stable mutations in higher plants.In addition to a variety of chemical and X-ray mutagenic methods,high hydrostatic pressure might as well be proven as another efficient method for mutagenesis.

关 键 词：原种 遗传变异 高静水压 植株 分蘖 ISSR 水稻 研究结果 处理 变方 

分 类 号：O122.3[理学—数学] S511[理学—基础数学]