某型炸弹致伤特点的初步研究  

Experimental study of wounding characteristics caused by one type of bomb

作　　者：许川[1] 张良潮[1] 郭文治[1] 杨志焕[1] 麻晓林[1] 张波[1] 李晓炎[1] 杨在亮[1] 赖西南 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所第六研究室,重庆400042

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2005年第1期1-4,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：全军"十五"指令性课题 ( 0 1L0 6 0 )~~

摘　　要：目的　通过引爆某型炸弹战斗部致伤动物 ,观察分析其对动物致伤的伤情特点 ,从而为爆炸伤的临床救治提供理论和实验依据。方法　某型炸弹战斗部放置于离地面一定高度 ,通过直流电引爆致伤动物 ,动物为西北地区健康山羊 3 2只 ,围绕爆心呈扇形布放于 10～ 80m不同距离处 ,所有动物均右侧面向爆心 ,伤后严密观察动物伤情 ,存活至 2 4h的以股动脉放血方式处死解剖观察。结果　在 3 2只实验动物中 ,2 1只 (65 6% )于伤后即刻死亡 ,3只于伤后 12～ 16h死亡 ,存活至 2 4h的有 8只 (2 5 0 % ) ,10m和 15m战壕内动物的存活率分别为 1/ 3和 2 / 2。破片伤和冲击伤为主要损伤方式 ,40m内破片和冲击波复合伤的发生率高达 86 9%。结论　炸弹对动物致伤主要由爆炸时破片和冲击波所致 ;高速破片有加重冲击伤的作用 ;近距离的动物合并轻度烧伤。损伤后伤情复杂 ,现场死亡率高 ,救治困难。战壕对破片、冲击波和烧伤均有一定程度的防护效果。Objective To study the wounding characteristics of animals caused by one type of bomb for providing some experimental and theoretical bases for the treatment and cure of explosive injuries. Methods The bomb was set on a flat some distance from the ground and triggered with electroprimers. All the 32 experimental animals were arranged in a fan-shape to surround the explosive center from 10 to 80 m. At 24 h after the explosion, the animals were sacrificed and observed anatomically. Results In the 32 animals, 21 (65.6%) died after explosion, 3 (9.4%) survived for 12-16 h, and 8 (25.0%) survived for 24 h. The survival rates in the 10-meter trench and 15-meter trench were 1/3 and 2/2, respectively. The wounding patterns included mainly injuries caused by fragments and shock waves. The incidence of wounds caused by fragment combined with shock waves within 40 m was 86.9%. Conclusion The main wounding factors are fragments and shock waves after explosion. High velocity can increase the wounds caused by shock waves. Mild burn injuries may also be found in animals within closer distance. The trench can protect wounds and burn injuries caused by fragments and shock waves effectively.

关 键 词：炸弹 爆炸 破片 冲击波 伤情 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] R642